评估鼠诺如病毒作为热失活研究中人类诺如病毒和甲型肝炎病毒的替代物。
Evaluation of murine norovirus as a surrogate for human norovirus and hepatitis A virus in heat inactivation studies.
机构信息
Communicable Disease Group, Institute of Environmental Science & Research Ltd, Kenepuru Science Centre, Porirua, New Zealand.
出版信息
J Appl Microbiol. 2009 Jul;107(1):65-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04179.x. Epub 2009 Feb 27.
AIMS
To determine the suitability of murine norovirus (MNV) as a surrogate for human norovirus (HuNoV) in heat inactivation studies.
METHODS AND RESULTS
MNV, hepatitis A virus (HAV) and HuNoV genogroup I and II (GI and GII) specific real-time quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR assays were used to determine the effects of heat exposure (63 and 72 degrees C) for up to 10 min in water and milk. Using culture assays, MNV and HAV showed similar reductions in infectivity over time. Both HuNoV GI and GII showed lower log reductions in qRT-PCR titre following heat exposure than either MNV or HAV. No significant protective effect of milk was observed for any virus.
CONCLUSIONS
MNV is as suitable a surrogate for HuNoV as HAV. In heat inactivation studies at 63 and 72 degrees C, qRT-PCR results indicate that HuNoV is less susceptible to heat than either HAV or MNV and so neither virus may be an appropriate surrogate for HuNoV.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
Caution should be used when extrapolating surrogate virus data for HuNoV. Although not conclusive, our results suggest that HuNoV may be more resistant to heat than either HAV or MNV.
目的
确定鼠诺如病毒（MNV）作为热失活研究中人诺如病毒（HuNoV）替代物的适用性。
方法与结果
使用 MNV、甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）和 HuNoV 基因组 I 和 II（GI 和 GII）特异性实时定量逆转录（qRT）-PCR 检测法，在水和牛奶中测定热暴露（63 和 72°C）长达 10 分钟的影响。通过培养试验，MNV 和 HAV 的感染性随时间的推移呈相似的减少趋势。与 MNV 或 HAV 相比，HuNoV GI 和 GII 在热暴露后 qRT-PCR 滴度的对数减少较低。对于任何病毒，牛奶均未观察到明显的保护作用。
结论
MNV 是 HuNoV 的合适替代物，与 HAV 一样。在 63 和 72°C 的热失活研究中，qRT-PCR 结果表明，HuNoV 对热的敏感性低于 HAV 或 MNV，因此这两种病毒都可能不是 HuNoV 的合适替代物。
研究的意义和影响
在推断 HuNoV 的替代病毒数据时应谨慎。尽管没有定论，但我们的结果表明，HuNoV 对热的抵抗力可能比 HAV 或 MNV 更强。
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