Rao A T, Degnan A J, Levy L M
From the George Washington University Medical Center (A.T.R., L.M.L.), Washington, DC.
AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2014 Mar;35(3):457-8. doi: 10.3174/ajnr.A3545. Epub 2013 Mar 28.
Alzheimer disease prevails as a major cause of disability in the elderly population and ranks as the most common form of dementia that affects 1 of 8 individuals older than 65 years of age. Most AD cases are late in onset and are probably influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Apart from age, the risk factors include family history; brain injury, both traumatic and vascular; and metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and obesity. Based on twin studies, inheritance plays a role in approximately 80% of cases (familial and sporadic).
阿尔茨海默病是老年人群残疾的主要原因,也是最常见的痴呆形式,影响着每8名65岁以上老人中的1人。大多数阿尔茨海默病病例发病较晚,可能受遗传和环境因素的双重影响。除年龄外,风险因素还包括家族病史;脑损伤,包括创伤性和血管性脑损伤;以及代谢性疾病,如糖尿病、高胆固醇血症和肥胖症。基于双胞胎研究,遗传因素在大约80%的病例(家族性和散发性)中起作用。