蛋白质限制在衰老和疾病中的保守作用。
The conserved role of protein restriction in aging and disease.
作者信息
Mirzaei Hamed, Raynes Rachel, Longo Valter D
机构信息
aLongevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA bIFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy.
出版信息
Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2016 Jan;19(1):74-9. doi: 10.1097/MCO.0000000000000239.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Dietary interventions are effective strategies for preventing disease and promoting health span. Many of the effects of dietary restriction are linked to amino acid and protein levels and their regulation of nutrient-signaling pathways. Thus, protein restriction is a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing aging-related diseases and extending life span.
RECENT FINDINGS
Studies in yeast and flies have shown that amino acid restriction promotes longevity and protection. In rodents, protein restriction extends life span and alleviates detrimental aging phenotypes. Finally, clinical trials in middle-aged adults have demonstrated the role of a protein-restricted diet in promoting health span. Interestingly, the population over the age of 65 may not benefit from severe protein restriction potentially because of the increased physiological decline that leads to decreased amino acid absorption and altered protein synthesis.
SUMMARY
Protein restriction can have profound effects on health and longevity, but excessive restriction is detrimental, particularly in the very old. The investigation of the mechanisms that modulate nutrient-sensing pathways is important to understand how regulation of protein intake can optimize health span and longevity.
综述目的
饮食干预是预防疾病和促进健康寿命的有效策略。饮食限制的许多作用与氨基酸和蛋白质水平及其对营养信号通路的调节有关。因此，蛋白质限制是预防衰老相关疾病和延长寿命的一种有前景的治疗策略。
最新发现
酵母和果蝇的研究表明，氨基酸限制可促进长寿和保护作用。在啮齿动物中，蛋白质限制可延长寿命并减轻有害的衰老表型。最后，针对中年成年人的临床试验证明了蛋白质限制饮食在促进健康寿命方面的作用。有趣的是，65岁以上的人群可能无法从严格的蛋白质限制中受益，这可能是由于生理衰退加剧导致氨基酸吸收减少和蛋白质合成改变。
总结
蛋白质限制对健康和长寿可能有深远影响，但过度限制是有害的，尤其是对老年人。研究调节营养感知通路的机制对于理解蛋白质摄入量的调节如何优化健康寿命和长寿很重要。
Zotero 插件