喀麦隆西北部Njinikom育龄妇女弓形虫IgG和IgM抗体血清阳性率及相关危险因素
Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies and associated risk factors in women of child-bearing age in Njinikom, NW Cameroon.
作者信息
Wam Elvis Chongsi, Sama Leonard Fonkeng, Ali Innocent Mbulli, Ebile Walter Akoh, Aghangu Lucy Agyingi, Tume Christopher Bonglavnyuy
机构信息
Laboratory of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Department of Biochemistry, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
Laboratory for Public Health Research Biotechnologies, The Biotechnology Centre, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 8094, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
出版信息
BMC Res Notes. 2016 Aug 15;9(1):406. doi: 10.1186/s13104-016-2206-0.
BACKGROUND
Toxoplasmosis is a widely distributed zoonotic disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. T. Infections can result in stillbirths, abortions or congenital defects during pregnancy, as well as toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV/AIDS patients. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for T. gondii infection in women seeking antenatal and medical care in the locality of Njinikom, North West of Cameroon.
METHODS
We conducted a cross-sectional study from August to December 2014 consecutively enrolling 178 consenting women aged 15 to 49 years attending antenatal care or medical check-ups at the hospital. A questionnaire survey was administered to study participants and potential risk factors for Toxoplasma exposure sought. Venous blood was collected and serum from each participant analysed for T. gondii infection as evidenced by the presence of anti-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies detected using the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. The proportion of anti-T. gondii antibody positivity calculated as the percentage of antibody seropositivity to T. gondii antigens. Predictors of T. gondii infection were analysed by univariate and multivariate regression and association with T. gondii seropositivity assessed. Epi-Info 3.5.4 was used for statistical analyses. A p < 0.05 was considered significant for all analyses.
RESULTS
The seroprevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies (IgM or IgG) were 54.5 % (97/178). Among seropositive women, 88.7 % (86/97), 30.9 % (30/97), and 19.6 % (19/97) were respectively seropositive for IgG antibody, IgM antibody and both IgM and IgG antibodies. Among the risk factors evaluated, only the consumption of raw or undercooked meat (p = 0.02) was observed to be an independent risk factor of T. gondii infection. The consumption of unwashed vegetables and fruits was significant (p = 0.01) only with simple logistic regression analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings suggest recent T. gondii exposure is high in our study population, and may constitute a significant risk factor for stillbirths, abortions or congenital defects during pregnancy in women attending antenatal care, or toxoplasmic encephalitis in those who are immunosuppressed such as in HIV/AIDS. Education and screening of HIV-positive individuals and pregnant women for T. gondii infection may be important primary prevention strategies in this population.
背景
弓形虫病是一种广泛传播的人畜共患病，由原生动物寄生虫刚地弓形虫引起。感染弓形虫可导致孕期死产、流产或先天性缺陷，以及艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者发生弓形虫脑炎。本研究旨在确定喀麦隆西北部Njinikom地区寻求产前和医疗护理的女性中弓形虫感染的血清流行率及危险因素。
方法
我们于2014年8月至12月进行了一项横断面研究，连续招募了178名年龄在15至49岁之间、在医院接受产前护理或体检的女性。对研究参与者进行问卷调查，寻找弓形虫暴露的潜在危险因素。采集静脉血，使用间接酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）技术检测每位参与者血清中抗弓形虫IgG和IgM抗体，以确定是否感染弓形虫。抗弓形虫抗体阳性比例以抗弓形虫抗原抗体血清阳性百分比计算。通过单因素和多因素回归分析弓形虫感染的预测因素，并评估与弓形虫血清阳性率的相关性。使用Epi-Info 3.5 .4进行统计分析。所有分析中p < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
结果
抗弓形虫抗体（IgM或IgG）的血清流行率为54.5%（97/178）。在血清阳性女性中，IgG抗体、IgM抗体及IgM和IgG抗体均阳性的比例分别为88.7%（86/97）、30 .9%（30/97）和19.6%（19/97）。在评估的危险因素中，仅食用生肉或未煮熟的肉（p = 0.02）被观察到是弓形虫感染的独立危险因素。仅在简单逻辑回归分析中，食用未清洗的蔬菜和水果具有统计学意义（p = 0.01）。
结论
我们的研究结果表明，在我们的研究人群中近期弓形虫暴露率较高，这可能是接受产前护理的女性孕期死产、流产或先天性缺陷的重要危险因素，或在免疫抑制人群（如艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者）中发生弓形虫脑炎的重要危险因素。对艾滋病毒阳性个体和孕妇进行弓形虫感染的教育和筛查可能是该人群重要的一级预防策略。
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