Bioinformatics identification and transcript profile analysis of the mitogen-activated protein kinase gene family in the diploid woodland strawberry Fragaria vesca.

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play essential roles in mediating biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. However, the MAPK gene family in strawberry has not been systematically characterized. Here, we performed a genome-wide survey and identified 12 MAPK genes in the Fragaria vesca genome. Protein domain analysis indicated that all FvMAPKs have typical protein kinase domains. Sequence alignments and phylogenetic analysis classified the FvMAPK genes into four different groups. Conserved motif and exon-intron organization supported the evolutionary relationships inferred from the phylogenetic analysis. Analysis of the stress-related cis-regulatory element in the promoters and subcellular localization predictions of FvMAPKs were also performed. Gene transcript profile analysis showed that the majority of the FvMAPK genes were ubiquitously transcribed in strawberry leaves after Podosphaera aphanis inoculation and after treatment with cold, heat, drought, salt and the exogenous hormones abscisic acid, ethephon, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid. RT-qPCR showed that six selected FvMAPK genes comprehensively responded to various stimuli. Additionally, interaction networks revealed that the crucial signaling transduction controlled by FvMAPKs may be involved in the biotic and abiotic stress responses. Our results may provide useful information for future research on the function of the MAPK gene family and the genetic improvement of strawberry resistance to environmental stresses.