Kunze Ursula, Groman Ernest
Institute of Social Medicine, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090, Vienna, Österreich.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 2019 Jun;169(9-10):203-214. doi: 10.1007/s10354-017-0598-7. Epub 2017 Sep 13.
Vaccinations belong to the ten most effective public health achievements worldwide. While immunization programms for children are installed in Europe, vaccinations for adults are not established. However, adult vaccination is extremely meaningful: increasing age means a higher susceptibility to infectious diseases, health problems and multimorbidity will increase. The burden of vaccine-preventable diseases is still high in Europe. Due to immunosenescence (older) adults are less protected against pathogens, antibody titers after vaccinations are lower and immunity lasts shorter. There is striking lack of data of adult vaccination rates and an international consensus regarding adult vaccination recommendations or guidelines are not available in Europe. In only six countries a comprehensive document describing recommended vaccinations for adults is available, among them Austria. The awareness of the importance of adult vaccination over the whole lifetime is not present to the necessary extent in Europe and has to be promoted.
疫苗接种属于全球十大最有效的公共卫生成就。虽然欧洲已实施儿童免疫规划,但成人疫苗接种尚未确立。然而,成人疫苗接种极具意义:年龄增长意味着对传染病的易感性更高,健康问题和多种疾病并存的情况将会增加。欧洲可预防疫苗疾病的负担仍然很高。由于免疫衰老,老年人对病原体的抵抗力较弱,接种疫苗后的抗体滴度较低,免疫力持续时间较短。欧洲明显缺乏成人疫苗接种率的数据,也没有关于成人疫苗接种建议或指南的国际共识。只有六个国家有描述成人推荐疫苗接种的综合文件,奥地利是其中之一。在欧洲,人们对一生都进行成人疫苗接种重要性的认识程度还不够,必须加以推广。