天然产物对辐射损伤的预防作用。

Prevention from radiation damage by natural products.

机构信息

Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany.

出版信息

Phytomedicine. 2018 Aug 1;47:192-200. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.11.005. Epub 2017 Nov 13.

DOI:10.1016/j.phymed.2017.11.005

PMID:30166104

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Radiotherapy is a mainstay of cancer treatment since decades. Ionizing radiation (IR) is used for destruction of cancer cells and shrinkage of tumors. However, the increase of radioresistance in cancer cells and radiation toxicity to normal tissues are severe concerns. The exposure to radiation generates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which leads to DNA damage by lipid peroxidation, removal of thiol groups from cellular and membrane proteins, strand breaks and base alterations.

HYPOTHESIS

Plants have to deal with radiation-induced damage (UV-light of sun, other natural radiation sources). Therefore, it is worth speculating that radioprotective mechanisms have evolved during evolution of life. We hypothesize that natural products from plants may also protect from radiation damage caused as adverse side effects of cancer radiotherapy.

METHODS

The basis of this systematic review, we searched the relevant literature in the PubMed database.

RESULTS

Flavonoids, such as genistein, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epicatechin, apigenin and silibinin mainly act as antioxidant, free radical scavenging and anti-inflammatory compounds, thus, providing cytoprotection in addition to downregulation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Comparable effects have been found in phenylpropanoids, especially caffeic acid phenylethylester, curcumin, thymol and zingerone. Besides, resveratrol and quercetin are the most important cytoprotective polyphenols. Their radioprotective effects are mediated by a wide range of mechanisms mainly leading to direct or indirect reduction of cellular stress. Ascorbic acid is broadly used as antioxidant, but it has also shown activity in reducing cellular damage after irradiation mainly due to its antioxidant capabilities. The metal ion chelator, gallic acid, represents another natural product attenuating cellular damage caused by radiation.

CONCLUSIONS

Some secondary metabolites from plants reveal radioprotective features against cellular damage caused by irradiation. These results warrant further analysis to develop phytochemicals as radioprotectors for clinical use.

摘要

背景

放射治疗几十年来一直是癌症治疗的主要手段。电离辐射（IR）用于破坏癌细胞和缩小肿瘤。然而，癌细胞的放射抗性增加和正常组织的辐射毒性是严重的问题。辐射会产生细胞内活性氧（ROS），导致脂质过氧化引起的 DNA 损伤、细胞和膜蛋白的巯基去除、链断裂和碱基改变。

假设

植物必须应对辐射诱导的损伤（太阳的紫外线、其他天然辐射源）。因此，值得推测，在生命进化过程中已经形成了放射保护机制。我们假设植物中的天然产物也可能防止癌症放射治疗的不良反应引起的辐射损伤。

方法

我们在 PubMed 数据库中搜索了相关文献，作为这项系统评价的基础。

结果

黄酮类化合物，如染料木黄酮、表没食子儿茶素-3-没食子酸酯、表儿茶素、芹菜素和水飞蓟素，主要作为抗氧化剂、自由基清除剂和抗炎化合物，因此除了下调几种促炎细胞因子外，还提供细胞保护。在苯丙素类化合物中，特别是咖啡酸苯乙酯、姜黄素、百里酚和肉桂醛，也发现了类似的作用。此外，白藜芦醇和槲皮素是最重要的细胞保护多酚。它们的放射保护作用是通过多种机制介导的，主要导致细胞应激的直接或间接减少。抗坏血酸广泛用作抗氧化剂，但由于其抗氧化能力，它也显示出在减少照射后细胞损伤方面的活性。金属离子螯合剂没食子酸代表另一种减轻辐射引起的细胞损伤的天然产物。