开发并验证一种与电子烟使用相关的感觉预期的新型测量工具的心理测量学效度。
Development and psychometric validation of a novel measure of sensory expectancies associated with E-cigarette use.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Oberlin College, 120 W. Lorain St., Oberlin, OH 44074, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 34 Park St. New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 34 Park St. New Haven, CT 06519, USA.
出版信息
Addict Behav. 2019 Apr;91:208-215. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.08.031. Epub 2018 Aug 31.
INTRODUCTION
E-cigarette dependence measures largely focus on e-cigarette use ("vaping") that is linked to nicotine use, and measures assessing sensory aspects of vaping that may influence use (e.g., taste) are limited in scope. Thus, we developed the novel Sensory E-cigarette Expectancies Scale (SEES).
METHODS
In Summer 2017, 610 adult e-cigarette users (48.7% male, 84.9% White, 37.41[±12.15] years old) completed an online survey that included 23 SEES items. Psychometric analyses included evaluating latent structure, internal consistency, measurement invariance, mean differences, and test-criterion relationships.
RESULTS
Factor analyses supported a 9-item, 3-subscale structure (taste/smell, pleasure/satisfaction, vapor cloud production). Subscales evidenced internal consistency and scalar invariance by sex, race, smoking status (current/not), vaping status (daily/not), e-liquid nicotine content (yes/no), and device type (cig-a-likes/vape-pens/Advanced Personal Vaporizers [APVs]/Mods). Women and daily e-cigarette users reported stronger SEEs for taste/smell and pleasure than their counterparts. Non-white participants reported stronger SEEs for cloud production than White participants. Cig-a-like users reported the weakest SEEs for taste/smell and weaker SEEs linked to cloud production than APV/mod users. SEES scores evidenced convergence with nicotine dependence (mean r = .36). Finally, SEES scores predicted vaping frequency and habitual vaping concurrently and incrementally beyond nicotine dependence.
CONCLUSIONS
The SEES evidenced good psychometric properties, suggesting that the measure can be used to assess sensory vaping expectancies in adults. Importantly, SEES scores indicated that sensory expectancies are related, yet distinct, from nicotine dependence. Future research should evaluate how SEEs relate to product characteristic preferences and patterns of vaping including the development and maintenance of addiction.
简介
电子烟依赖的衡量标准主要集中在与尼古丁使用相关的电子烟使用上，而评估可能影响使用的电子烟感官方面的衡量标准（例如口味）则范围有限。因此，我们开发了新的感官电子烟期望量表（SEES）。
方法
在 2017 年夏天，610 名成年电子烟使用者（48.7%为男性，84.9%为白人，37.41[±12.15]岁）完成了一项在线调查，其中包括 23 项 SEES 项目。心理测量分析包括评估潜在结构、内部一致性、测量不变性、均值差异和测试标准关系。
结果
因素分析支持 9 项、3 个分量表结构（口味/气味、愉悦/满足、蒸汽云产生）。按性别、种族、吸烟状况（当前/非）、电子烟使用状况（每日/非）、电子烟液尼古丁含量（是/否）和设备类型（卷烟模拟/电子烟笔/高级个人电子烟/改装电子烟）进行划分，各分量表具有内部一致性和标度不变性。女性和每日电子烟使用者比其对应者报告了更强的口味/气味和愉悦的期望。非白人参与者比白人参与者报告了更强的对云产生的期望。卷烟模拟用户比 APV/mod 用户报告了最弱的口味/气味期望和与云产生相关的期望。SEES 分数与尼古丁依赖（平均 r=0.36）表现出收敛性。最后，SEES 分数预测了同时和增量地超过尼古丁依赖的电子烟使用频率和习惯性电子烟使用。
结论
SEES 具有良好的心理测量学特性，表明该测量方法可用于评估成人的感官电子烟期望。重要的是，SEES 分数表明感官期望与尼古丁依赖相关，但又有所不同。未来的研究应评估感官期望与产品特征偏好以及包括成瘾的发展和维持在内的电子烟使用模式的关系。
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