O-糖基化，疾病病理的甜蜜关联。
O-GlcNAcylation, a sweet link to the pathology of diseases.
机构信息
MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
出版信息
J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2019 May;20(5):437-448. doi: 10.1631/jzus.B1900150.
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic post-translational modification occurring on myriad proteins in the cell nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. The donor sugar for O-GlcNAcylation, uridine-diphosphate N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), is synthesized from glucose through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). The recycling of O-GlcNAc on proteins is mediated by two enzymes in cells-O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which catalyze the addition and removal of O-GlcNAc, respectively. O-GlcNAcylation is involved in a number of important cell processes including transcription, translation, metabolism, signal transduction, and apoptosis. Deregulation of O-GlcNAcylation has been reported to be associated with various human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. A better understanding of the roles of O-GlcNAcylation in physiopathological processes would help to uncover novel avenues for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this review is to discuss the recent updates on the mechanisms and impacts of O-GlcNAcylation on these diseases, and its potential as a new clinical target.
O-连接的 N-乙酰葡萄糖胺（O-GlcNAc）是一种在细胞核、细胞质和线粒体中的众多蛋白质上发生的动态翻译后修饰。O-GlcNAcylation 的供体糖，尿苷二磷酸 N-乙酰葡萄糖胺（UDP-GlcNAc），是通过己糖胺生物合成途径（HBP）从葡萄糖合成的。蛋白质上 O-GlcNAc 的循环由细胞中的两种酶-O-GlcNAc 转移酶（OGT）和 O-GlcNAcase（OGA）介导，它们分别催化 O-GlcNAc 的添加和去除。O-GlcNAcylation 参与许多重要的细胞过程，包括转录、翻译、代谢、信号转导和细胞凋亡。O-GlcNAcylation 的失调与各种人类疾病有关，如癌症、糖尿病、神经退行性疾病和心血管疾病。更好地了解 O-GlcNAcylation 在生理病理过程中的作用将有助于为治疗干预开辟新途径。本综述的目的是讨论 O-GlcNAcylation 在这些疾病中的作用机制和影响的最新进展，以及它作为一个新的临床靶点的潜力。
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