预测马来西亚城市地区旷工和出勤主义的前置因素。
Anteceding factors predicting absenteeism and presenteeism in urban area in Malaysia.
机构信息
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Stats Consulting Sdn. Bhd, Ara Damansara, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2019 Jun 13;19(Suppl 4):540. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6860-8.
BACKGROUND
Organization productivity is strongly linked to employees' socioeconomic characteristics and health which is marked by absenteeism and presenteeism. This study aims to identify anteceding factors predicting employees' absenteeism and presenteeism by income, physical and mental health.
METHODS
An online health survey was conducted between May to July 2017 among employees from 47 private companies located in urban Malaysia. A total of 5235 respondents completed the 20-min online employee health survey on a voluntary basis. Chi-Square or Fisher's exact tests were used to determine association between income with demographic and categorical factors of absenteeism and presenteeism. Multivariate linear regression was used to identify factors predicting absenteeism and presenteeism.
RESULTS
More than one third of respondents' monthly income were less than RM4,000 (35.4%), 29.6% between RM4,000-RM7,999 and 35.0% earned RM8,000 and above. The mean age was 33.8 years (sd ± 8.8) and 49.1% were married. A majority were degree holders (74.4%) and 43.6% were very concerned about their financial status. Mean years of working was 6.2 years (sd ± 6.9) with 68.9% satisfied with their job. More than half reported good general physical health (54.5%) (p = 0.065) and mental health (53.5%) (p = 0.019). The mean hours of sleep were 6.4 h (sd ± 1.1) with 63.2% reporting being unwell due to stress for the past 12 months. Mean work time missed due to ill-health (absenteeism) was 3.1% (sd ± 9.1), 2.8% (sd ± 9.1) and 1.8% (sd ± 6.5) among employees whose monthly income was less than RM4,000, RM4,000-RM7,999 and over RM8,000 respectively (p = 0.0066). Mean impairment while working due to ill-health (presenteeism) was 28.2% (sd ± 25.3), 24.9% (sd ± 25.5) and 20.3% (sd ± 22.9) among employees whose monthly income was less than RM4,000, RM4,000-RM7,999 and over RM8,000 respectively (p < 0.0001). Factors that predict both absenteeism and presenteeism were income, general physical health, sleep length and being unwell due to stress.
CONCLUSIONS
A combination of socioeconomic, physical and mental health factors predicted absenteeism and presenteeism with different strengths. Having insufficient income may lead to second jobs or working more hours which may affect their sleep, subjecting them to stressful condition and poor physical health. These findings demand holistic interventions from organizations and the government.
背景
组织生产力与员工的社会经济特征和健康状况密切相关，而健康状况则表现为缺勤和出勤。本研究旨在通过收入、身心健康来确定预测员工缺勤和出勤的先行因素。
方法
2017 年 5 月至 7 月期间，在马来西亚城市的 47 家私营公司中，对员工进行了一项在线健康调查。共有 5235 名受访者自愿完成了 20 分钟的在线员工健康调查。卡方检验或 Fisher 精确检验用于确定收入与缺勤和出勤的人口统计学和分类因素之间的关系。多元线性回归用于确定预测缺勤和出勤的因素。
结果
超过三分之一的受访者月收入低于 4000 令吉（35.4%），29.6%在 4000-7999 令吉之间，35.0%的人收入在 8000 令吉以上。平均年龄为 33.8 岁（标准差±8.8），49.1%已婚。大多数人拥有学位（74.4%），43.6%非常关注自己的财务状况。平均工作年限为 6.2 年（标准差±6.9），68.9%对工作满意。超过一半的人报告身体健康状况良好（54.5%）（p=0.065）和心理健康状况良好（53.5%）（p=0.019）。平均睡眠时间为 6.4 小时（标准差±1.1），63.2%的人在过去 12 个月中因压力而身体不适。由于健康问题缺勤（缺勤）的平均工作时间分别为收入低于 4000 令吉的员工为 3.1%（标准差±9.1），4000-7999 令吉的员工为 2.8%（标准差±9.1），收入超过 8000 令吉的员工为 1.8%（标准差±6.5）（p=0.0066）。由于健康问题在工作中受损（出勤）的平均比例分别为收入低于 4000 令吉的员工为 28.2%（标准差±25.3），4000-7999 令吉的员工为 24.9%（标准差±25.5），收入超过 8000 令吉的员工为 20.3%（标准差±22.9）（p<0.0001）。预测缺勤和出勤的因素是收入、一般身体健康状况、睡眠时间和因压力而身体不适。
结论
社会经济、身心健康等因素综合预测了缺勤和出勤，其预测强度不同。收入不足可能导致兼职或工作时间延长，从而影响他们的睡眠，使他们处于压力状态和健康状况不佳。这些发现需要组织和政府采取整体干预措施。
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