美国运动医学学院关于体力活动、久坐行为与癌症预防和控制的圆桌报告
American College of Sports Medicine Roundtable Report on Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Cancer Prevention and Control.
机构信息
Behavioral and Epidemiology Research Program, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA.
Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Control Alberta, Alberta Health Sciences, Calgary, CANADA.
出版信息
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2019 Nov;51(11):2391-2402. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002117.
INTRODUCTION
The American College of Sports Medicine convened an International Multidisciplinary Roundtable on Exercise and Cancer in March 2018 to evaluate and translate the evidence linking physical activity and cancer prevention, treatment, and control. This article discusses findings from the Roundtable in relation to the biologic and epidemiologic evidence for the role of physical activity in cancer prevention and survival.
RESULTS
The evidence supports that there are a number of biologically plausible mechanisms, whereby physical activity can influence cancer risk, and that physical activity is beneficial for the prevention of several types of cancer including breast, colon, endometrial, kidney, bladder, esophageal, and stomach. Minimizing time spent in sedentary behavior may also lower risk of endometrial, colon and lung cancers. Conversely, physical activity is associated with higher risk of melanoma, a serious form of skin cancer. Further, physical activity before and after a cancer diagnosis is also likely to be relevant for improved survival for those diagnosed with breast and colon cancer; with data suggesting that postdiagnosis physical activity provides greater mortality benefits than prediagnosis physical activity.
CONCLUSIONS
Collectively, there is consistent, compelling evidence that physical activity plays a role in preventing many types of cancer and for improving longevity among cancer survivors, although the evidence related to higher risk of melanoma demonstrates the importance of sun safe practices while being physically active. Together, these findings underscore the importance of physical activity in cancer prevention and control. Fitness and public health professionals and health care providers worldwide are encouraged to spread the message to the general population and cancer survivors to be physically active as their age, abilities, and cancer status will allow.
简介
美国运动医学学院于 2018 年 3 月召开了一次关于运动与癌症的国际多学科圆桌会议，旨在评估和翻译将体力活动与癌症预防、治疗和控制联系起来的证据。本文讨论了圆桌会议的研究结果，涉及体力活动在癌症预防和生存方面的生物学和流行病学证据。
结果
有许多证据表明，体力活动通过多种生物学上合理的机制影响癌症风险，而且体力活动有益于预防多种癌症，包括乳腺癌、结肠癌、子宫内膜癌、肾癌、膀胱癌、食管癌和胃癌。减少久坐行为的时间也可能降低子宫内膜癌、结肠癌和肺癌的风险。相反，体力活动与黑色素瘤风险增加有关，黑色素瘤是一种严重的皮肤癌。此外，癌症诊断前后的体力活动也可能与乳腺癌和结肠癌患者的生存改善相关；有数据表明，诊断后体力活动比诊断前体力活动提供更大的死亡率益处。
结论
总的来说，有一致的、强有力的证据表明，体力活动在预防多种癌症和提高癌症幸存者的寿命方面发挥作用，尽管与黑色素瘤风险增加相关的证据表明，在进行体力活动时，进行防晒措施非常重要。这些发现共同强调了体力活动在癌症预防和控制中的重要性。鼓励全球的健身和公共卫生专业人员以及医疗保健提供者向普通民众和癌症幸存者传播这一信息，让他们根据自己的年龄、能力和癌症状况进行体力活动。
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