中国广东地区犬猫隐孢子虫和贾第虫的遗传特征分析。
Genetic characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats in Guangdong, China.
机构信息
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2019 Nov 29;12(1):571. doi: 10.1186/s13071-019-3822-z.
BACKGROUND
There are only limited number of reports on molecular epidemiology of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis in dogs and cats in China. This study was conducted to assess the infection rates, genetic identity, and public health potential of these parasites in dogs and cats in Guangdong, China.
METHODS
PCR and sequence analyses were used to identify and genotype Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis in fecal samples from 641 dogs and 418 cats in Guangdong. Chi-square test and odds ratio analysis were used to compare the occurrence rates of these pathogens and identify risk factors for infection.
RESULTS
The overall infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis were 6.9% (44/641) and 9.4% (60/641) in dogs, and 6.2% (26/418) and 3.6% (15/418) in cats. Purebred cats (12.4%; χ = 5.110, OR = 2.8, P = 0.024) and dogs (10.8%; χ = 5.597, OR = 4.8, P = 0.018) were more likely to be infected by Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis, respectively. Dogs (12.0%; χ = 7.589, OR = 2.6, P = 0.006) and cats (13.6%; χ = 8.235, OR = 3.5, P = 0.004) under 6 months had significantly higher infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. than older animals. Household (13.9%; χ = 10.279, OR = 2.6, P = 0.008) and pet shop dogs (11.0%; χ = 7.182, OR = 2.0, P = 0.048) had higher occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp., as was the case for G. duodenalis occurrence in experimental dogs (13.4%; χ = 9.223, OR = 1.9, P = 0.017). Cryptosporidium canis (n = 42), C. muris (n = 1) and Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (n = 1) were identified in dogs, while C. felis (n = 21), C. parvum (n = 3), C. muris (n = 1) and Cryptosporidium rat genotype IV (n = 1) were identified in cats. In contrast, the canine-specific assemblages C (n = 27) and D (n = 26) and the feline-specific assemblage F (n = 14) were almost exclusively the only genotypes of G. duodenalis in dogs and cats, respectively. There was no significant difference in infection rates of Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis between diarrheal and non-diarrheal pets.
CONCLUSIONS
While domestic pets in Guangdong are infected with zoonotic Cryptosporidium species, they are mainly infected with host-specific G. duodenalis genotypes. Risk factors for infections differ between Cryptosporidium spp. and G. duodenalis and between dogs and cats.
背景
在中国，有关犬猫隐孢子虫和贾第虫的分子流行病学研究报告数量有限。本研究旨在评估广东地区犬猫隐孢子虫和贾第虫的感染率、遗传特征和公共卫生意义。
方法
采用 PCR 和序列分析方法，对来自广东地区 641 只犬和 418 只猫的粪便样本进行隐孢子虫和贾第虫的鉴定和基因分型。采用卡方检验和优势比分析比较这些病原体的发生率，并确定感染的危险因素。
结果
犬隐孢子虫和贾第虫的总感染率分别为 6.9%（641 只犬中有 44 只）和 9.4%（641 只犬中有 60 只），猫的感染率分别为 6.2%（418 只猫中有 26 只）和 3.6%（418 只猫中有 15 只）。纯种猫（12.4%；χ²=5.110，OR=2.8，P=0.024）和犬（10.8%；χ²=5.597，OR=4.8，P=0.018）更易感染隐孢子虫和贾第虫。6 月龄以下的犬（12.0%；χ²=7.589，OR=2.6，P=0.006）和猫（13.6%；χ²=8.235，OR=3.5，P=0.004）感染隐孢子虫的比例显著高于年龄较大的动物。家犬（13.9%；χ²=10.279，OR=2.6，P=0.008）和宠物店犬（11.0%；χ²=7.182，OR=2.0，P=0.048）隐孢子虫感染率较高，实验犬的贾第虫感染率也较高（13.4%；χ²=9.223，OR=1.9，P=0.017）。在犬中鉴定出犬隐孢子虫（n=42）、鼠隐孢子虫（n=1）和隐孢子虫鼠基因型 IV（n=1），而在猫中鉴定出猫隐孢子虫（n=21）、微小隐孢子虫（n=3）、鼠隐孢子虫（n=1）和隐孢子虫鼠基因型 IV（n=1）。相比之下，犬隐孢子虫的特异性虫种 C（n=27）和 D（n=26）和猫隐孢子虫的特异性虫种 F（n=14）几乎是犬和猫中贾第虫的唯一基因型。隐孢子虫和贾第虫的感染率在腹泻和非腹泻宠物之间没有显著差异。
结论
广东地区的宠物犬和猫感染了人兽共患的隐孢子虫，但主要感染了宿主特异性的贾第虫。隐孢子虫和贾第虫感染的危险因素以及犬和猫之间的感染危险因素存在差异。
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