2017年波兰的脑膜炎和脑炎

Zbrzeźniak Jakub, Paradowska-Stankiewicz Iwona

National Institute of Public Health – National Institute of Hygiene, Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases and Surveillance

Przegl Epidemiol. 2019;73(4):417-427. doi: 10.32394/pe.73.39.

INTRODUCTION

Meningitis are the most common form of the nervous system infectious diseases. There are meningitis and/or encephalitis with bacterial and viral etiology. In epidemiological surveillance are highlighted meningitis and/or encephalitis caused by N. meningitidis, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and tick-borne encephalitis virus. Because vaccinations against these agents are common.

AIM OF THE STUDY

The aim of the study is to assess the epidemiological situation of meningitis and encephalitis in Poland in 2017.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The epidemiological situation of meningitis and encephalitis in Poland was assessed on data from the annual bulletin “Infectious diseases and poisoning in Poland in 2017” and “Vaccinations in Poland in 2017”. (MP Czarkowski et al., Warsaw 2018, NIZP-PZH, GIS).

RESULTS

In 2017 were registered 2 095 cases of meningitis and/or encephalitis in Poland. It means a 10.8% decrease in meningitis and/or encephalitis in Poland compared to 2016. With a general decrease in the number of infections of bacterial etiology, the number of cases of meningitis and/or encephalitis of S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type B cases reported remains at the same level similar to last year. In contrast, the number of cases of etiology of N. meningitidis shows an increase of 25.4% compared to the previous year. Among all cases 57.9% were viral infections. In comparison to 2016 means a decrease in the percentage share of viral infections by 1.2 percentage points for bacterial infections. Among laboratory confirmed cases of neuroinfection with established etiology, the incidence caused by Neisseria miningitidis (122 cases), Streptococcus pneumoniae (171 cases) and tick-borne encephalitis (283 cases) are the most prevalent.

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

There is a general downward trend in the number of meningitis and/or encephalitis cases, which may be due to introducing mandatory vaccination against S. pneumoniae. It can also mean an improvement in diagnostics given the decrease in unspecified meningitis and/or encephalitis. However meningitis and/or encephalitis remain a challenge for healthcare and epidemiological surveillance institutions.

引言

脑膜炎是神经系统传染病最常见的形式。存在由细菌和病毒病因引起的脑膜炎和/或脑炎。在流行病学监测中，由脑膜炎奈瑟菌、肺炎链球菌、B型流感嗜血杆菌和蜱传脑炎病毒引起的脑膜炎和/或脑炎受到关注。因为针对这些病原体的疫苗接种很普遍。

研究目的

本研究的目的是评估2017年波兰脑膜炎和脑炎的流行病学情况。

材料与方法

根据年度公报“2017年波兰的传染病和中毒情况”以及“2017年波兰的疫苗接种情况”中的数据评估波兰脑膜炎和脑炎的流行病学情况。（MP Czarkowski等人，华沙2018年，国家公共卫生研究所 - 国家卫生基金，地理信息系统）。

结果

2017年波兰登记了2095例脑膜炎和/或脑炎病例。这意味着与2016年相比，波兰的脑膜炎和/或脑炎病例减少了10.8%。随着细菌病因感染数量总体下降，肺炎链球菌、B型流感嗜血杆菌引起的脑膜炎和/或脑炎病例报告数量与去年保持在同一水平。相比之下，脑膜炎奈瑟菌病因的病例数比上一年增加了25.4%。在所有病例中，57.9%为病毒感染。与2016年相比，病毒感染的百分比份额下降了1.2个百分点，细菌感染的百分比份额上升。在实验室确诊的有明确病因的神经感染病例中，由脑膜炎奈瑟菌（122例）、肺炎链球菌（171例）和蜱传脑炎（283例）引起的发病率最为普遍。