东亚的成功老龄化：中国、韩国和日本的比较。
Successful Aging in East Asia: Comparison Among China, Korea, and Japan.
机构信息
Section of NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
Center for Applied Health Research, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas.
出版信息
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2021 Jun 8;76(Suppl 1):S17-S26. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa042.
OBJECTIVES
Heterogeneity in successful aging has been found across countries. Yet, comparable evidence is sparse except in North America and Europe. Extending prior research, this study examined the prevalence and correlates of successful aging in East Asia: China, Korea, and Japan.
METHOD
We used harmonized data sets from national surveys. A total of 6,479 participants (aged between 65 and 75) were analyzed. Using Rowe and Kahn's (1987, 1997) model, successful aging was defined as having no major diseases, no difficulty performing activities of daily living, obtaining a median or higher score on tests of cognitive function, and being actively engaged.
RESULTS
The average prevalence of successful agers was 17.6%. There were variations in the global and specific measures of successful aging within and across countries, even after controlling for individual sociodemographic factors (age, gender, and education). The odds of aging successfully were highest in Japan and lowest in China, especially in the rural areas. Being younger and males were associated with a higher likelihood of successful agers in both global and specific measures.
DISCUSSION
This study observed heterogeneity in successful aging in East Asia. To identify policy implications, future research should explore potential societal factors influencing individuals' opportunities for successful aging.
目的
在不同国家发现了成功老龄化的异质性。然而，除了北美和欧洲，可比证据很少。本研究扩展了先前的研究，考察了东亚（中国、韩国和日本）成功老龄化的流行程度和相关因素。
方法
我们使用来自国家调查的协调数据集。共分析了 6479 名（年龄在 65 至 75 岁之间）参与者。使用罗和卡恩（1987 年，1997 年）的模型，成功老龄化被定义为没有重大疾病，日常生活活动没有困难，认知功能测试中获得中位数或更高分数，以及积极参与。
结果
成功老年人的平均流行率为 17.6%。即使在控制了个体社会人口因素（年龄、性别和教育）之后，各国之间以及各国内部的总体和特定成功老龄化指标也存在差异。在日本，成功老龄化的几率最高，而在中国，尤其是在农村地区，成功老龄化的几率最低。在全球和特定指标中，年龄较小和男性与成功老年人的更高可能性相关。
讨论
本研究观察到东亚成功老龄化的异质性。为了确定政策影响，未来的研究应该探索影响个人成功老龄化机会的潜在社会因素。
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