与年龄匹配的不活跃对照组相比，终身训练的男性足球运动员端粒缩短减少。
Reduced telomere shortening in lifelong trained male football players compared to age-matched inactive controls.
机构信息
Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, SDU Sport and Health Sciences Cluster, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5250, Denmark.
Klinik für Innere Medizin III - Kardiologie, Angiologie und Internistische Intensivmedizin, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, D-66421 Homburg, Saar, Germany.
出版信息
Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020 Nov-Dec;63(6):738-749. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.05.009. Epub 2020 Jun 1.
AIMS
Current evidence points to cellular anti-ageing effects of regular endurance training which may differ from other sport modalities. Effects of football training on markers of cell senescence have not been tested.
METHODS
One hundred and forty healthy, non-smoking men participated in the study, including young elite football players aged 18-30 years (YF, n = 35, 21.6 ± 0.5 yrs), elderly football players aged 65-80 years (EF, n = 35, 71.9 ± 0.5 yrs), untrained young controls (YC, n = 35, 24.3 ± 0.6 yrs) and elderly controls (EC, n = 35, 70.1 ± 0.7 yrs). Besides body composition (DXA scan), resting heart rate (RHR), blood pressure (BP) and selected fasting blood variables, mononuclear cells (MNC) were isolated. MNC telomere length was determined by flow-fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Telomerase activity was quantified using telomerase repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. mRNA expression of anti- and pro-senescent factors was measured with real-time PCR.
RESULTS
EF showed 2.5% higher (p = 0.047) granulocyte telomere length and 1.3% higher (p = 0.009) lymphocyte telomere length compared to EC. EF had 37% lower (p = 0.025) mRNA expression of the pro-senescent factor p16 compared to EC. No significant between-group differences (p > 0.050) were observed in telomerase activity or anti-senescent factors (TRF2, Ku70 and POT1a) for EF vs EC. YF had higher telomerase activity (4.2-fold, p = 0.001), telomere repeat binding factor (TRF) 2 mRNA expression (3.2-fold, p = 0.003), Ku70 mRNA expression (2.3-fold, p < 0.001) and POT1a mRNA expression (2.2-fold, p = 0.002) compared to YC, but there was no significant between-group difference in telomere length.
CONCLUSION
This study is the first cross-sectional, controlled trial showing effects of lifelong football participation on telomere shortening and senescence markers in circulating cells, suggesting that football induces cellular anti-senescence mechanisms implying positive long-term cardiovascular health effects.
目的
目前的证据表明，有规律的耐力训练对细胞具有抗衰老作用，这可能与其他运动方式不同。足球训练对细胞衰老标志物的影响尚未得到检验。
方法
本研究纳入了 140 名健康、不吸烟的男性，包括年龄在 18-30 岁的年轻精英足球运动员（YF，n=35，21.6±0.5 岁）、年龄在 65-80 岁的老年足球运动员（EF，n=35，71.9±0.5 岁）、未经训练的年轻对照组（YC，n=35，24.3±0.6 岁）和老年对照组（EC，n=35，70.1±0.7 岁）。除了身体成分（DXA 扫描）、静息心率（RHR）、血压（BP）和一些空腹血液变量外，还分离了单核细胞（MNC）。通过流式荧光原位杂交（FISH）和聚合酶链反应（PCR）测定 MNC 端粒长度。使用端粒酶重复扩增协议（TRAP）测定法来量化端粒酶活性。使用实时 PCR 测量抗和促衰老因子的 mRNA 表达。
结果
与 EC 相比，EF 的粒细胞端粒长度长 2.5%（p=0.047），淋巴细胞端粒长度长 1.3%（p=0.009）。与 EC 相比，EF 的促衰老因子 p16 的 mRNA 表达低 37%（p=0.025）。EF 与 EC 相比，端粒酶活性或抗衰老因子（TRF2、Ku70 和 POT1a）无显著组间差异（p＞0.050）。YF 的端粒酶活性高 4.2 倍（p=0.001），端粒重复结合因子（TRF）2 mRNA 表达高 3.2 倍（p=0.003），Ku70 mRNA 表达高 2.3 倍（p＜0.001），POT1a mRNA 表达高 2.2 倍（p=0.002），与 YC 相比，但端粒长度无显著组间差异。
结论
本研究是首次进行的横断面、对照试验，表明终生参与足球运动对循环细胞中端粒缩短和衰老标志物的影响，这表明足球运动诱导了细胞的抗衰老机制，暗示着对长期心血管健康有积极影响。
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