The risk of menopausal symptoms in premenopausal breast cancer patients and current pharmacological prevention strategies.

: For young premenopausal breast cancer (BC) patients, adjuvant chemotherapy and other anti-cancer treatments can increase the risk of menopausal symptoms and may cause chemotherapy-related amenorrhea (CRA), infertility and premature ovarian insufficiency (POI).: In this report, menopausal symptoms related to anti-cancer treatment are described. Menstrual disturbances associated with the use of adjuvant chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and targeted therapy against human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in premenopausal women withBC are discussed. To prevent menopausal symptoms, CRA and POI, data on the efficacy of temporary ovarian suppression with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues (GnRHa) during chemotherapy are highlighted. Pooled analyses have confirmed that concurrent administration of GnRHa during chemotherapy could significantly reduce the risk of developing chemotherapy-induced POI in premenopausal women with early-stageBC. In addition, reports have suggested that embryo/oocyte cryopreservation may increase the chance of pregnancy after the diagnosis ofBC, although such data remain limited.: Commonly experienced by pre-menopausal women withBC, anti-cancer treatment could cause severe menopausal symptoms. Temporary ovarian suppression with GnRHa during chemotherapy provided asafe and efficient strategy to reduce the likelihood of chemotherapy-induced POI in premenopausal patients with early-stageBC undergoing (neo)-adjuvant chemotherapy.