辟谷式断食通过调节健康年轻成年人的牛磺酸、葡萄糖和胆固醇稳态来影响代谢健康。

Bigu-Style Fasting Affects Metabolic Health by Modulating Taurine, Glucose, and Cholesterol Homeostasis in Healthy Young Adults.

机构信息

School of Martial Arts, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, China.

Central Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.

出版信息

J Nutr. 2021 Aug 7;151(8):2175-2187. doi: 10.1093/jn/nxab123.

DOI:10.1093/jn/nxab123

PMID:33979839

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Dynamic orchestration of metabolic pathways during continuous fasting remains unclear.

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the physiological effects of Bigu-style fasting and underlying metabolic reprogramming in healthy adults.

METHODS

We conducted a 5-d Bigu trial in 43 healthy subjects [age 23.2 ± 2.4 y; BMI (in kg/m2) 22.52 ± 1.79]. Physiological indicators and body composition were monitored daily during fasting day 1 (F1D) to F5D and after 10-d refeeding postfasting (R10D) and R30D. Blood samples were collected in the morning. Risk factors associated with inflammation, aging, cardiovascular diseases, malnutrition, and organ dysfunction were evaluated by biochemical measurements. Untargeted plasma metabolomics and gut microbial profiling were performed using plasma and fecal samples. Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser correction. Correlation analyses for metabolite modules and taurine were analyzed by Spearman's rank and Pearson tests, respectively.

RESULTS

Heart rate was accelerated throughout the fasting period. Risk factors associated with inflammation and cardiovascular diseases were significantly lowered during or after Bigu (P < 0.05). Body composition measurement detected an overconsumption of fat starting from F3D till 1 mo after refeeding. Metabolomics unveiled a coupling between gluconeogenesis and cholesterol biosynthesis beyond F3D. Plasma taurine significantly increased at F3D by 31%-46% followed by a reduction to basal level at F5D (P < 0.001), a pattern inversely correlated with changes in glucose and de novo synthesized cholesterol (r = -0.407 and -0.296, respectively; P < 0.001). Gut microbial profiling showed an enrichment of taurine-utilizing bacteria at F5D, which was completely recovered at R10D.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data demonstrate that 5-d Bigu is potentially beneficial to health in young adults. A starvation threshold of 3-d fasting is necessary for maintaining glucose and cholesterol homeostasis via a taurine-microbiota regulatory loop. Our findings provide novel insights into the physiological and metabolic responses of the human body to continuous Bigu-style fasting. This trial was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR1900022917.

摘要

背景

连续禁食期间代谢途径的动态调控仍不清楚。

目的

我们研究了辟谷式禁食对健康成年人的生理影响及其潜在的代谢重编程。

方法

我们在 43 名健康受试者中进行了为期 5 天的辟谷试验[年龄 23.2±2.4 岁；体重指数（kg/m2）22.52±1.79]。在禁食第 1 天（F1D）到第 5 天（F5D）以及禁食后 10 天（R10D）和 30 天（R30D）期间，每天监测生理指标和身体成分。早上采集血样。通过生化测量评估与炎症、衰老、心血管疾病、营养不良和器官功能障碍相关的风险因素。使用血浆和粪便样本进行非靶向血浆代谢组学和肠道微生物分析。采用重复测量方差分析（Greenhouse-Geisser 校正）进行数据分析。分别采用 Spearman 秩和检验和 Pearson 检验分析代谢物模块和牛磺酸的相关性。

结果

整个禁食期间心率加快。辟谷期间或辟谷后，与炎症和心血管疾病相关的风险因素显著降低（P<0.05）。身体成分测量显示，从第 3 天开始到重新进食后 1 个月，脂肪摄入过多。代谢组学揭示了从第 3 天开始，除了糖异生和胆固醇生物合成之间的耦合。血浆牛磺酸在第 3 天增加 31%-46%，然后在第 5 天恢复到基础水平（P<0.001），与葡萄糖和从头合成的胆固醇的变化呈相反的关系（r=-0.407 和-0.296，分别；P<0.001）。肠道微生物分析显示，在第 5 天牛磺酸利用细菌富集，在第 10 天完全恢复。