Wang Wei, Yan Yuxiang, Guo Zheng, Hou Haifeng, Garcia Monique, Tan Xuerui, Anto Enoch Odame, Mahara Gehendra, Zheng Yulu, Li Bo, Kang Timothy, Zhong Zhaohua, Wang Youxin, Guo Xiuhua, Golubnitschaja Olga
Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
EPMA J. 2021 Sep 13;12(4):403-433. doi: 10.1007/s13167-021-00253-2. eCollection 2021 Dec.
First two decades of the twenty-first century are characterised by epidemics of non-communicable diseases such as many hundreds of millions of patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases and the type 2 diabetes mellitus, breast, lung, liver and prostate malignancies, neurological, sleep, mood and eye disorders, amongst others. Consequent socio-economic burden is tremendous. Unprecedented decrease in age of maladaptive individuals has been reported. The absolute majority of expanding non-communicable disorders carry a chronic character, over a couple of years progressing from reversible suboptimal health conditions to irreversible severe pathologies and cascading collateral complications. The time-frame between onset of SHS and clinical manifestation of associated disorders is the operational area for an application of reliable risk assessment tools and predictive diagnostics followed by the cost-effective targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the person. This article demonstrates advanced strategies in bio/medical sciences and healthcare focused on suboptimal health conditions in the frame-work of Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (3PM/PPPM). Potential benefits in healthcare systems and for society at large include but are not restricted to an improved life-quality of major populations and socio-economical groups, advanced professionalism of healthcare-givers and sustainable healthcare economy. Amongst others, following medical areas are proposed to strongly benefit from PPPM strategies applied to the identification and treatment of suboptimal health conditions:Stress overload associated pathologiesMale and female healthPlanned pregnanciesPeriodontal healthEye disordersInflammatory disorders, wound healing and pain management with associated complicationsMetabolic disorders and suboptimal body weightCardiovascular pathologiesCancersStroke, particularly of unknown aetiology and in young individualsSleep medicineSports medicineImproved individual outcomes under pandemic conditions such as COVID-19.
21世纪的前二十年以非传染性疾病的流行特征显著,例如数亿人被诊断患有心血管疾病、2型糖尿病、乳腺癌、肺癌、肝癌和前列腺癌、神经系统疾病、睡眠障碍、情绪障碍和眼部疾病等等。随之而来的社会经济负担极为巨大。据报道,适应不良个体的年龄出现了前所未有的下降。绝大多数不断增加的非传染性疾病具有慢性特征,在几年时间里从可逆的亚健康状态发展为不可逆的严重病症以及一系列附带并发症。从暴露于有害健康的生活方式(SHS)开始到相关疾病临床表现出现的这段时间,是应用可靠的风险评估工具和预测性诊断的操作区间,随后是针对个人的具有成本效益的靶向预防和治疗。本文展示了生物/医学科学和医疗保健领域的先进策略,这些策略聚焦于预测、预防和个性化医学(3PM/PPPM)框架下的亚健康状态。对医疗系统和整个社会的潜在益处包括但不限于改善主要人群和社会经济群体的生活质量、提高医疗服务提供者的专业水平以及可持续的医疗经济。其中,以下医学领域有望从应用于亚健康状态识别和治疗的PPPM策略中大幅受益:压力过载相关病症、男性和女性健康、计划生育、牙周健康、眼部疾病、炎症性疾病、伤口愈合以及伴有相关并发症的疼痛管理、代谢紊乱和体重亚健康、心血管病症、癌症、中风,尤其是病因不明的中风以及年轻人的中风、睡眠医学、运动医学、在新冠疫情等大流行情况下改善个体预后。