与德尔塔变异株相比，SARS-CoV-2 奥密克戎变异株的家庭传播增加和免疫逃逸增强。
Increased household transmission and immune escape of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron compared to Delta variants.
机构信息
Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
出版信息
Nat Commun. 2022 Sep 29;13(1):5706. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33233-9.
Understanding the epidemic growth of the novel SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is critical for public health. We compared the ten-day secondary attack rate (SAR) of the Omicron and Delta variants in households using Norwegian contact tracing data, December 2021 - January 2022. Omicron SAR was higher than Delta, with a relative risk (RR) of 1.41 (95% CI 1.27-1.56). We observed increased susceptibility to Omicron infection in household contacts compared to Delta, independent of contacts' vaccination status. Among three-dose vaccinated contacts, the mean SAR was lower for both variants. We found increased Omicron transmissibility from primary cases to contacts in all vaccination groups, except 1-dose vaccinated, compared to Delta. Omicron SAR of three-dose vaccinated primary cases was high, 46% vs 11 % for Delta. In conclusion, three-dose vaccinated primary cases with Omicron infection can efficiently spread in households, while three-dose vaccinated contacts have a lower risk of being infected by Delta and Omicron.
了解新型 SARS-CoV-2 奥密克戎变异株的流行增长对于公共卫生至关重要。我们使用挪威接触者追踪数据比较了 2021 年 12 月至 2022 年 1 月期间家庭中奥密克戎和德尔塔变异株的十天二次感染发病率（SAR）。奥密克戎 SAR 高于德尔塔，相对风险（RR）为 1.41（95%CI 1.27-1.56）。与德尔塔相比，我们观察到家庭接触者对奥密克戎感染的易感性增加，而与接触者的疫苗接种状态无关。在三剂接种的接触者中，两种变异株的平均 SAR 均较低。我们发现与德尔塔相比，除了一剂接种者外，所有疫苗接种组的主要病例向接触者传播的奥密克戎传染性都有所增加。三剂接种的主要奥密克戎病例的 SAR 很高，为 46%，而德尔塔为 11%。总之，接种三剂疫苗的奥密克戎感染主要病例可在家庭中有效传播，而接种三剂疫苗的接触者感染德尔塔和奥密克戎的风险较低。
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