Department of Biological Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
Binghamton Biofilm Research Center (BBRC), Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2022;1386:69-94. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-08491-1_3.
The cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) second messenger represents a signaling system that regulates many bacterial behaviors and is of key importance for driving the lifestyle switch between motile loner cells and biofilm formers. This review provides an up-to-date summary of c-di-GMP pathways connected to biofilm formation by the opportunistic pathogen P. aeruginosa. Emphasis will be on the timing of c-di-GMP production over the course of biofilm formation, to highlight non-uniform and hierarchical increases in c-di-GMP levels, as well as biofilm growth conditions that do not conform with our current model of c-di-GMP.
环二鸟苷酸(c-di-GMP)作为第二信使,调控着许多细菌行为,是驱动游动孤菌细胞和生物膜形成菌生活方式转换的关键。本综述概述了铜绿假单胞菌中与生物膜形成相关的 c-di-GMP 途径,重点介绍了 c-di-GMP 在生物膜形成过程中的产生时间,以突出 c-di-GMP 水平的非均匀和分层增加,以及不符合我们当前 c-di-GMP 模型的生物膜生长条件。