影响低收入和中等收入国家道路安全合规性的因素：来自黎巴嫩的一项观察性研究。
Factors affecting road safety compliance in a low- and middle-income country: An observational study from Lebanon.
作者信息
Al-Hajj Samar, El Hechi Majed, Chahrour Mohamad, Farran Sarah H, Kaafarani Haytham
机构信息
Epidemiology and Population Health Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
Division of Trauma, Emergency Surgery and Surgical Critical Care, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America.
出版信息
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2022 Mar 28;2(3):e0000154. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0000154. eCollection 2022.
Road traffic injury is a major public health problem in Lebanon. This study aims to assess compliance with safety measures including seatbelt and helmet use in adults and children, and the prevalence of distracted driving among road users across Lebanon different governorates. It further aims to investigate predictors of compliance with seatbelt and helmet use. A cross-sectional observational field study was conducted at multiple governorates in Lebanon. Data collected included information on vehicles, road users and passengers. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify trends in compliance with safety measures and distracted driving, and predictors of compliance. A total of 13,790 road users were observed. The rate of seatbelt and helmet use were 37.4% and 38.9%, respectively, among adults. Distracted behavior was present in 23.7% of car drivers and 22.8% of motorcyles adult riders. Compliance with seatbelt use was lower outside the capital city Beirut [OR = 5.236 (4.566-6.004), P <0.001], in males [OR = 1.688 (1.52-1.874), P <0.001], in drivers of taxi/vans [OR = 1.929 (1.71-2.175), P <0.001] or trucks [OR = 3.014 (2.434-3.732), P <0.001], and vehicles of lower price [OR = 3.291 (2.836-3.819), P <0.001]. Children vehicle passengers were 87.9% while motorcycles pillion riders were 12.1%. The rates for child car restraint and helmet use were 25.8% and 20.1%, respectively. Predictors of failure to use a child restraint system in vehicles were the youngest age group (0-5 years) [OR = 2.06, CI (1.40-3.02), P<0.001], sitting in the back seat [OR = 1.56, CI (1.09-2.23), P<0.001], ridding in the afternoon [OR = 1.43, CI (1.05-1.94), P = 0.02], and being outside Beirut [OR = 2.12, CI (1.41-3.17), P<0.00]. Public awareness efforts and better enforcement of road safety legislations are needed to increase the alarmingly low rates of compliance with safety measures and safeguard lives on the road.
道路交通事故伤害是黎巴嫩一个主要的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在评估成年人和儿童对包括使用安全带和头盔在内的安全措施的遵守情况，以及黎巴嫩不同省份道路使用者中分心驾驶的流行程度。它还旨在调查安全带和头盔使用遵守情况的预测因素。在黎巴嫩的多个省份进行了一项横断面观察性实地研究。收集的数据包括有关车辆、道路使用者和乘客的信息。进行单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，以确定安全措施遵守情况和分心驾驶的趋势，以及遵守情况的预测因素。共观察了13790名道路使用者。成年人中安全带和头盔的使用率分别为37.4%和38.9%。23.7%的汽车司机和22.8%的成年摩托车骑手存在分心行为。在首都贝鲁特以外地区[比值比（OR）=5.236（4.566 - 6.004），P<0.001]、男性[OR = 1.688（1.52 - 1.874），P<0.001]、出租车/货车司机[OR = 1.929（1.71 - 2.175），P<0.001]或卡车司机[OR = 3.014（2.434 - 3.732），P<0.001]以及价格较低的车辆[OR = 3.291（2.836 - 3.819），P<0.001]中，安全带使用的遵守率较低。儿童乘车乘客占87.9%，而摩托车后座乘客占12.1%。儿童汽车约束装置和头盔的使用率分别为25.8%和20.1%。车辆中未使用儿童约束系统的预测因素包括最年幼年龄组（0 - 5岁）[OR = 2.06，可信区间（CI）（1.40 - 3.02），P<0.001]、坐在后座[OR = 1.56，CI（1.09 - 2.23），P<0.001]、下午乘车[OR = 1.43，CI（1.05 - 1.94），P = 0.02]以及在贝鲁特以外地区[OR = 2.12，CI（1.41 - 3.17），P<0.00]。需要开展公众宣传活动并更好地执行道路安全法规，以提高安全措施遵守率低得惊人的情况，并保障道路上的生命安全。
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