CRNDE mediated hnRNPA2B1 stability facilitates nuclear export and translation of KRAS in colorectal cancer.

Development of colorectal cancer (CRC) involves activation of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) signaling. However, the post-transcriptional regulation of KRAS has yet to be fully characterized. Here, we found that the colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE)/heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2/B1 (hnRNPA2B1) axis was notably elevated in CRC and was strongly associated with poor prognosis of patients, while also significantly promoting CRC cell proliferation and metastasis both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, CRNDE maintained the stability of hnRNPA2B1 protein by inhibiting E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21 mediated K63 ubiquitination-dependent protein degradation. CRNDE/hnRNPA2B1 axis facilitated the nuclear export and translation of KRAS mRNA, which specifically activated the MAPK signaling pathway, eventually accelerating the malignant progression of CRC. Our findings provided insight into the regulatory network for stable hnRNPA2B1 protein expression, and the molecular mechanisms by which the CRNDE/hnRNPA2B1 axis mediated KRAS nucleocytoplasmic transport and translation, deeply underscoring the bright future of hnRNPA2B1 as a promising biomarker and therapeutic target for CRC. By hindering hnRNPA2B1 from binding to the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM21, whose mediated ubiquitin-dependent degradation was thereby inhibited, CRNDE protected the stability of hnRNPA2B1's high protein expression in CRC. Supported by the high level of the oncogenic molecule CRNDE, hnRNPA2B1 bound to KRAS mRNA and promoted KRAS mRNA nucleus export to enter the ribosomal translation program, subsequently activating the MAPK signaling pathway and ultimately accelerating the malignant progression of CRC.