Association between acute adverse reactions to iodinated contrast media and anxiety in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT examination.

OBJECTIVES

As the use of iodinated contrast media has become more widely with advances in imaging, several guidelines have suggested that anxiety increases the risk of acute adverse reactions associated with iodinated contrast media. This study aims to evaluate the impact of anxiety on the occurrence of acute adverse reactions (AAR) to iodinated contrast media in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT examinations.

METHODS

Inpatients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT examinations at the Third Xiangya Hospital between February and October 2021 were prospectively recruited. Prior to the imaging examinations, all patients completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) assessment before the imaging examinations to determine the severity of anxiety, which was categorized as mild, moderate, or severe. Based on the occurrence of AAR, patients were classified into an AAR group and a non-AAR group. The difference in anxiety was compared between the 2 groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors associated with AAR. To ensure comparability between the 2 groups, propensity score matching (PSM) was utilized to align the clinical characteristics. Subsequently, the difference in anxiety within the matched groups was analyzed.

RESULTS

The study comprised 880 patients, with 80 patients in the AAR group and 800 patients in the non-AAR group. There was a significant difference in proportion of patients with mild-severe anxiety between the 2 groups (75% in the AAR group and 36% in the non-AAR group, <0.001). Additionally, differences were also observed in occupation, income, underlying diseases, and allergy history (all <0.001). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients' income, allergy history, and anxiety were independent risk factors for AAR to iodinated contrast media (all <0.05). Following PSM, each matched group included 66 cases, and no significant differences in clinical characteristics were observed between the 2 groups (all >0.05). However, the proportion of patients with mild-severe anxiety remained significantly higher in the AAR group compared to the non-AAR group (75% in the AAR group and 31% in the non-AAR group, <0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Anxiety is associated with an increased risk of AAR to iodinated contrast media in patients undergoing contrast-enhanced CT examinations, suggesting the clinical importance of screening for anxiety before imaging examinations.