美国移民女性眼中的结构性性别种族主义。
Structural gendered racism as conceptualized by immigrant women in the United States.
机构信息
Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Anthropology Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Research Program on Global Health & Human Rights, Human Rights Institute, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; Population Studies and Training Center, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
出版信息
Soc Sci Med. 2024 Jun;351(Suppl 1):116396. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116396. Epub 2024 May 31.
RATIONALE
Immigrants represent a rapidly growing proportion of the population, yet the many ways in which structural inequities, including racism, xenophobia, and sexism, influence their health remains largely understudied. Perspectives from immigrant women can highlight intersectional dimensions of structural gendered racism and the ways in which racial and gender-based systems of structural oppression interact.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to show the multilevel manifestations of structural gendered racism in the health experiences of immigrant women living in New York City.
METHOD
Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were conducted in 2020 and 2021 with 44 cisgender immigrant women from different national origins in New York City to explore how immigrant women experienced structural gendered racism and its pathways to their health. Interviews were thematically analyzed using a constant comparative approach.
RESULTS
Participants expressed intersectional dimensions of structural gendered racism and the anti-immigrant climate through restrictive immigration policy and issues related to citizenship status, disproportionate immigration enforcement and criminalization, economic exploitation, and gendered interpersonal racism experienced across a range of systems and contexts. Participants weighed their concerns for safety and facing racism as part of their life course and health decisions for themselves and their families.
CONCLUSIONS
The perspectives and experiences of immigrant women are key to identifying multilevel solutions for the burdens of structural gendered racism, particularly among individuals and communities of non-U.S. national origin. Understanding how racism, sexism, xenophobia, and intersecting systems of oppression impact immigrant women is critical for advancing health equity.
背景
移民在人口中所占的比例迅速增长，但结构不平等（包括种族主义、仇外心理和性别歧视）影响其健康的许多方式在很大程度上仍未得到充分研究。移民妇女的观点可以突出结构性性别种族主义的交叉层面，以及种族和性别为基础的结构性压迫系统相互作用的方式。
目的
本研究旨在展示生活在纽约市的移民妇女健康经历中结构性性别种族主义的多层次表现。
方法
2020 年至 2021 年，对来自纽约市不同原籍国的 44 名跨性别移民妇女进行了半结构式深入访谈，以探讨移民妇女如何经历结构性性别种族主义及其对健康的影响。使用恒定性比较方法对访谈进行了主题分析。
结果
参与者通过限制移民政策以及与公民身份相关的问题、不成比例的移民执法和刑事化、经济剥削以及在一系列系统和背景中经历的性别间人际种族主义表达了结构性性别种族主义的交叉层面和反移民氛围。参与者权衡了他们对安全的担忧和面临种族主义的问题，这是他们自己和家人生活和健康决策的一部分。
结论
移民妇女的观点和经验是确定结构性性别种族主义负担的多层次解决方案的关键，特别是在非美国原籍国的个人和社区中。了解种族主义、性别歧视、仇外心理和交叉压迫系统如何影响移民妇女对于推进健康公平至关重要。
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