Artificial intelligence in microplastic detection and pollution control.

The rising prevalence of microplastics (MPs) in various ecosystems has increased the demand for advanced detection and mitigation strategies. This review examines the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) with environmental science to improve microplastic detection. Focusing on image processing, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging (HSI), the review highlights how AI enhances the efficiency and accuracy of these techniques. AI-driven image processing automates the identification and quantification of MPs, significantly reducing the need for manual analysis. FTIR and Raman spectroscopy accurately distinguish MP types by analyzing their unique spectral features, while HSI captures extensive spatial and spectral data, facilitating detection in complex environmental matrices. Furthermore, AI algorithms integrate data from these methods, enabling real-time monitoring, traceability prediction, and pollution hotspot identification. The synergy between AI and spectral imaging technologies represents a transformative approach to environmental monitoring and emphasizes the need to adopt innovative tools for protecting ecosystem health.