Glucosylated Nanovaccines for Dendritic Cell-Targeted Antigen Delivery and Amplified Cancer Immunotherapy.

Engineering nanovaccines capable of targeting dendritic cells (DCs) is desperately required to maximize antigen cross-presentation to effector immune cells, elicit strong immune responses, and avoid adverse reactions. Here, we showed that glucose transporter 1 (Glut-1) on DCs is a reliable target for delivering antigens to DCs, and thus, a versatile antigen delivery strategy using glucosylated nanovaccines was developed for DC-targeted antigen delivery and tumor immunotherapy. The developed glucosylated ovalbumin-loaded nanovaccines highly accumulated in lymph nodes and efficiently engaged with Glut-1 on DCs to accelerate intracellular antigen delivery and promote DC maturation and antigen presentation, which elicited potent antitumor immunity to prevent and inhibit ovalbumin-expressing melanoma. Moreover, immunotherapeutic experiments in DC- and macrophage-depleted animal models confirmed that the glucosylated nanovaccines functioned mainly through DCs. In addition, the neoantigen-delivering glucosylated nanovaccines were further engineered to elicit tumor-specific immune responses against MC38 tumors. This study offers a DC-targeted antigen delivery strategy for cancer immunotherapy.