Multi-Omics Integrative Analysis to Reveal the Impacts of on the Development and Lifespan of Marine Nematode .

Understanding how habitat bacteria affect animal development, reproduction, and aging is essential for deciphering animal biology. Our recent study showed that impaired development and lifespan, compared with OP50 feeding; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, multi-omics approaches, including the transcriptome of both and bacteria, as well as the comparative bacterial metabolome, were utilized to investigate how bacterial food affects animal fitness and physiology. We found that genes related to iron ion binding and oxidoreductase activity pathways, such as , , , and , were significantly upregulated in grown on , while extracellular structural components-related genes were significantly downregulated. Next, we observed that bacterial genes belonging to amino acid metabolism and ubiquinol-8 biosynthesis were repressed, while virulence genes were significantly elevated in . Furthermore, metabolomic analysis revealed that several toxic metabolites, such as puromycin, were enriched in , while many nucleotides were significantly enriched in OP50. Moreover, we found that the "two-component system" was enriched in , whereas "purine metabolism" and "one-carbon pool by folate" were significantly enriched in OP50. Collectively, our data provide new insights to decipher how diet modulates animal fitness and biology.