Huang Zhidao, Akana Michelle E, Sanders Kyana M, Weix Daniel J
Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Science. 2024 Sep 20;385(6715):1331-1337. doi: 10.1126/science.abi4860. Epub 2024 Sep 19.
The myriad nickel-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions rely on the formation of an organonickel intermediate, but limitations in forming monoalkylnickel species have limited options for C(sp) cross-coupling. The formation of monoalkylnickel(II) species from abundant carboxylic acid esters would be valuable, but carboxylic acid derivatives are primarily decarboxylated to form alkyl radicals that lack the correct reactivity. In this work, we disclose a facile oxidative addition and decarbonylation sequence that forms monoalkylnickel(II) intermediates through a nonradical process. The key ligand, bis(4-methylpyrazole)pyridine, accelerates decarbonylation, stabilizes the alkylnickel(II) intermediate, and destabilizes off-cycle nickel(0) carbonyl species. The utility of this new reactivity in C(sp)-C(sp) bond formation is demonstrated in a reaction that is challenging by purely radical methods-the selective cross-coupling of primary carboxylic acid esters with primary alkyl iodides.
众多镍催化的交叉偶联反应依赖于有机镍中间体的形成,但在形成单烷基镍物种方面的局限性限制了C(sp)交叉偶联的选择。从丰富的羧酸酯形成单烷基镍(II)物种将是有价值的,但羧酸衍生物主要通过脱羧形成缺乏正确反应活性的烷基自由基。在这项工作中,我们揭示了一种简便的氧化加成和脱羰序列,该序列通过非自由基过程形成单烷基镍(II)中间体。关键配体双(4-甲基吡唑)吡啶加速脱羰,稳定烷基镍(II)中间体,并使非循环镍(0)羰基物种不稳定。这种新反应性在C(sp)-C(sp)键形成中的效用在一个纯粹的自由基方法具有挑战性的反应中得到了证明——伯羧酸酯与伯烷基碘的选择性交叉偶联。