Therapeutic potential of in gastrointestinal and hepatic disease.

Increasing evidences indicate that the gut microbiota is involved in the development and therapy of gastrointestinal and hepatic disease. Imbalance of gut microbiota occurs in the early stages of diseases, and maintaining the balance of the gut microbiota provides a new strategy for the treatment of diseases. It has been reported that is associated with multiple diseases. As the next-generation probiotics, several studies have demonstrated its positive regulation on the gastrointestinal and hepatic disease, including inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, hepatic fibrosis, and fatty liver. The function of and its metabolites mainly affect host immune system, intestinal barrier function, and metabolic networks. Manipulation of with natural components lead to the protective effect on enterohepatic disease. In this review, the metabolic pathways regulated by are summarized to illustrate its active metabolites and their impact on host metabolism, the role and action mechanism in gastrointestinal and hepatic disease are discussed. More importantly, the natural components can be used to manipulate as treatment strategies, and the challenges and perspectives of in clinical applications are discussed.