Novel silver nanoparticle-based biomaterials for combating biofilms.

BACKGROUND

is a significant nosocomial pathogen that has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, often forming biofilms that enhance its virulence. This study investigated the efficacy of a novel nanoformulation, AgNPs@chitosan-NaF, in combating biofilms.

METHODS

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed to assess the antibiotic resistance profile of isolates. The antibiofilm activity of AgNPs@chitosan-NaF was evaluated using crystal violet staining and scanning electron microscopy. The underlying mechanisms of action were investigated through gene expression analysis.

RESULTS

The majority of isolates exhibited high levels of multidrug resistance. AgNPs@chitosan-NaF demonstrated superior biofilm inhibition compared to AgNPs@chitosan, significantly reducing biofilm biomass and disrupting biofilm architecture at MICs ranging from 0.125 to 1 μg/mL. Mechanistic studies revealed that the nanoformulation downregulated the expression of key biofilm-associated genes, including , , , and . While AgNPs@chitosan-NaF exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on both normal and cancer cell lines, minimal cytotoxicity was observed at concentrations below 31.25 μg/mL.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles, chitosan, and sodium fluoride in combating biofilms. The nanoformulation, AgNPs@chitosan-NaF, emerges as a promising therapeutic strategy to address the challenge of multidrug-resistant bacterial infections.