Exploring the Potential of Agro-Nanotechnology in African Agriculture: A Path to Sustainable Development-Systematic Review.

Agro-nanotechnology-the application of nanotechnology in agriculture-holds immense promise for addressing main challenges in African agriculture and promoting sustainable development. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of how agro-nanotechnology is being utilized across Africa, emphasizing its potential to revolutionize various aspects of agricultural practices on the continent. Firstly, the utilization of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanofertilizers, and nanopesticides offers opportunities for enhancing nutrient management, improving soil health, and increasing crop productivity in diverse agroecosystems across Africa. Nanofertilizers, with their controlled release mechanisms, facilitate efficient nutrient uptake by plants, thereby reducing nutrient losses and enhancing fertilizer use efficiency, which is crucial for resource-constrained smallholder farmers. Nanopesticides suggest improved efficacy in pest and disease control, reducing environmental harm compared to traditional pesticides. Their targeted delivery also minimizes off-target effects, which is crucial for Africa's food security. Nanosensors also enable real-time monitoring of soil and crop health, enhancing precision agriculture. Nanotechnology in postharvest management reduces food losses and improves safety. However, its adoption requires careful consideration of socioeconomic and regulatory factors to ensure equitable access and environmental safety. Collaborative efforts involving policymakers, researchers, farmers, and other stakeholders are crucial for harnessing the benefits of agro-nanotechnology while addressing potential risks and concerns. In conclusion, the integration of agro-nanotechnology into African agriculture presents a transformative opportunity to enhance productivity, resilience, and sustainability, contributing to the continent's efforts toward achieving food security, economic development, and environmental conservation.