Insights into the Interaction Between and the Gut Microbiome.

() is a significant healthcare-associated pathogen that is predominantly caused by antibiotic-induced microbiota disturbance. Antibiotics decrease microbial diversity, resulting in colonization and infection. infection (CDI) manifests through toxins A and B, causing diarrhea and colitis. Antibiotic usage, old age, and hospitalization are significant risk factors. A healthy gut microbiota, which is dominated by and , provides colonization resistance to due to competition for nutrients, creating inhibitory substances and stimulating the immune response. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis decreases resistance, allowing spores to transform into vegetative forms. Patients with CDI have decreased gut microbiota diversity, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria, including , , and , and a rise in harmful bacteria like and . This disparity worsens the infection's symptoms and complicates therapy. Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a potential therapy for recurrent CDI by restoring gut microbiota diversity and function. Comprehending the connection between gut microbiota and CDI pathogenesis is critical for establishing effective preventive and treatment plans. Maintaining a healthy gut microbiota through careful antibiotic use and therapeutic options such as FMT can help in the management and prevention of CDI.