新冠病毒肺炎父母免疫接种与疾病传播给后代的关联：一项回顾性研究
The association of COVID- 19 parental immunization and transmission of disease to offspring: a retrospective study.
作者信息
Maghsoudi Milad, Keivanfar Majid, Daniali Seyede Shahrbanoo, Kelishadi Roya
机构信息
Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatrics Department, Emam Hossein Children's Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
出版信息
Ital J Pediatr. 2025 Apr 30;51(1):131. doi: 10.1186/s13052-025-01948-2.
BACKGROUND
The Omicron variant has heightened COVID- 19 infections among children under six, emphasizing the need to understand the role of parental immunization and demographic factors in disease transmission within households.
METHODS
This retrospective observational study included 2321 children under six-year-old from February to May 2022 in Isfahan, Iran. Data were sourced from the recorded PERSIAN Birth Cohort data and telephone interviews, focusing on demographic information, child's COVID- 19 exposure during follow-up, infection, and vaccination status of each family member.
RESULT
Out of 2321 children, the incidence rate of COVID- 19 during the sixth peak was determined to be 46%. Both maternal (X: 1237.0; p-value < 0.001) and paternal (X: 1003.1; p-value < 0.001) COVID- 19 infections were identified as significant risk factors for infection of children. Although paternal vaccination showed a statistically significant association with reduced infection rates among children (p = 0.036), maternal immunization did not demonstrate a significantly correlation. After Adjusting covariates, higher odds of child COVID- 19 incidence were associated with maternal infection (OR = 37.74, 95%CI: 24.86- 57.27), paternal infection (OR = 6.50,95% CI: 4.74-8.92), and maternal age older than 30 years old (odds ratio: 0.58, 95% CI: 0.49 to 0.68). Additionally, lower odds of infection were related to living at homes with optimal cleanness (odds ratio: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.6 to 0.9). Although in a crude model, the odds of infection of children in low-income families was 60% more than in moderate- or high-income families; this probability was not statistically significant in the adjusted model.
CONCLUSION
This study underscores the significant role of parental transmission and paternal immunization in child COVID- 19 infections and the dimension of infection rates during the Omicron peak. Regarding the occupational conditions of fathers in our society and the characteristics of the COVID- 19 virus, paternal immunization should be prioritized over maternal immunization to mitigate disease transmission. Also, the sanitation of the home is crucial to prevent of risk of infection in children.
背景
奥密克戎变异株使6岁以下儿童的新冠病毒感染率升高，这凸显了了解父母免疫接种及人口统计学因素在家庭内疾病传播中所起作用的必要性。
方法
这项回顾性观察性研究纳入了2022年2月至5月间伊朗伊斯法罕的2321名6岁以下儿童。数据来源于波斯出生队列记录数据以及电话访谈，重点关注人口统计学信息、随访期间儿童的新冠病毒暴露情况、感染情况以及每个家庭成员的疫苗接种状况。
结果
在2321名儿童中，第六波疫情高峰期间的新冠病毒感染发病率为46%。母亲（χ：1237.0；p值<0.001）和父亲（χ：1003.1；p值<0.001）的新冠病毒感染均被确定为儿童感染的重要风险因素。虽然父亲接种疫苗与儿童感染率降低在统计学上有显著关联（p = 0.036），但母亲免疫接种并未显示出显著相关性。调整协变量后，儿童新冠病毒感染发病率较高的几率与母亲感染（比值比=37.74，95%置信区间：24.86 - 57.27）、父亲感染（比值比=6.50，95%置信区间：4.74 - 8.92）以及母亲年龄大于30岁（比值比：0.58，95%置信区间：0.49至0.68）有关。此外，感染几率较低与居住在清洁状况良好的家庭有关（比值比：0.8，95%置信区间：0.6至0.9）。虽然在粗略模型中，低收入家庭儿童的感染几率比中等或高收入家庭高60%；但在调整模型中，这种可能性在统计学上并不显著。
结论
本研究强调了父母传播及父亲免疫接种在儿童新冠病毒感染中的重要作用以及奥密克戎疫情高峰期间的感染率情况。鉴于我们社会中父亲的职业状况以及新冠病毒的特性，为减轻疾病传播，应优先考虑父亲免疫接种而非母亲免疫接种。此外，家庭卫生对于预防儿童感染风险至关重要。
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