Incidence, case-fatality rates and risk factors of bloodstream infections caused by , species and , England, April 2017 to March 2022.

Background, spp. and are included in the mandatory surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSI) in England.AimWe aimed to investigate the epidemiology of these BSIs in England April 2017-March 2022.MethodsWe extracted data on , spp. and BSI, categorised BSIs as healthcare-associated (HA) or community-associated (CA) and linked to antimicrobial susceptibility and mortality data. We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess predictors of mortality.ResultsThe incidence rate of BSI was 71.8 per 100,000 population (95% confidence interval (CI): 71.5-72.1), spp. 19.1 (95% CI: 18.9-19.3) and 7.6 (95% CI: 7.5-7.7). Most (65,467/104,957) BSI episodes were CA. Case-fatality rate was 14.8% (95% CI: 14.6-14.9) in , 20.0% (95% CI: 19.6-20.3) in spp. and 25.8% (95% CI: 25.2-26.4) in BSI. Urinary tract infection (UTI) was the most reported primary infection for (56,961/100,834), spp. (9,098/22,827) and (3,204/8,484) BSI. Insertion or manipulation of urinary catheters was reported for 26.4% (16,136/61,043) of , 41.6% (4,470 /10,734) of spp. and 49.0% (2,127/4,341) of BSI. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) of death among hospital-onset HA-BSI compared to CA-BSI was 2.0 (95% CI: 1.9-2.2) for , 2.1 (95% CI: 2.0-2.3) for spp. and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.5-2.0) for .ConclusionsAppropriate management of UTIs and urinary catheterisation is essential for reduction of these BSIs.