Diverse-Origin Exosomes Therapeutic Strategies for Diabetic Wound Healing.

Diabetic wounds represent a pressing clinical challenge in the medical field. Compared to healthy individuals, patients with diabetes present with various complications, including abnormal blood sugar levels, microcirculation disorders, and impaired cellular function. Moreover, they are at a higher risk for skin damage and have a more difficult healing process. In recent years, exosome-based regenerative medicine has provided new strategies for diabetic wound treatment. The bioactive molecules contained in the exosomes, including functional proteins, bioactive lipids, and regulatory RNAs, allow them to suppress inflammation, enhance cell migration, and promote angiogenesis. As exosomes from different sources have different composition and function, the characteristics of their source must be considered when using them. Unlike traditional single source research, this review describes the mechanism of action of exosomes from different sources in diabetic wound-healing process, including mammalian cell-derived exosomes and plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles. These findings not only provide a theoretical basis for the selection of exosome sources but also lay a foundation for the development of personalized, multimodal treatment plans.