Targeting the Hippo pathway in cancer.

The Hippo pathway is a highly conserved signalling network that controls tissue growth and cell fate, responding to physical properties of the tissue microenvironment and cell biological features such as adhesion and polarity. Hippo signalling perturbation is associated with several human diseases, particularly various solid cancers. Hippo pathway-targeted therapies are beginning to emerge for the treatment of cancer, most of which are focused on disrupting the ability of the YAP and TAZ transcription co-activator proteins to promote transcription of genes with their cognate TEAD1-4 DNA binding proteins. Recently, TEAD inhibitors have shown promise in a phase I clinical trial in cancers that are enriched for Hippo pathway mutations, such as mesothelioma. Moreover, Hippo pathway-targeted therapies have great potential to be combined with RAS-MAPK pathway inhibitors, given the close functional relationship that these signalling pathways share in development and disease.