and in precision oncology: Clinical implications for HRD associated breast and ovarian cancers (Review).

Maintaining genomic stability is essential for reducing the risk of carcinogenesis. Homologous recombination (HR) is a high‑fidelity DNA repair mechanism that addresses double‑strand breaks and interstrand crosslinks. The present review examined two key components of HR: , the eukaryotic recombinase and , a scaffolding protein. Their structural and functional roles are explored in the context of breast and ovarian cancer. facilitates homology search and strand invasion, while links and , stabilizing filaments. Mutations in these genes compromise HR, increasing susceptibility to various cancers and impacting treatment efficacy by impairing DNA repair. The present review discussed the clinical implications of and mutations, focusing on risk stratification, PARP inhibitor efficacy and emerging therapies. Additionally, it highlighted the potential of and as biomarkers and therapeutic targets, contributing to advances in personalized cancer management.