印度亲密伴侣对孕期女性实施身体暴力的患病率及其相关因素。
Prevalence and correlates of physical violence perpetrated by an intimate partner against women who are pregnant in India.
作者信息
Kalra Harish, Tran Thach, Nguyen Hau, Chandra Prabha, Sharp Helen, Fisher Jane
机构信息
School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Ballarat Rural Clinical School, University of Notre Dame Australia, Campus, Ballarat, VIC, Australia.
出版信息
BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2025 Jul 10;25(1):743. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07840-5.
BACKGROUND
Intimate partner violence (IPV) against women is a public health concern and a human rights violation. Women in low- and middle-income countries such as India experience higher rates of violence than in high-income countries. Experiencing IPV during pregnancy is associated with worse maternal, foetal and child outcomes. There is relatively limited representative population-based data on the burden and related factors of IPV experienced by women during pregnancy in India. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of experiences of physical IPV during pregnancy and the factors associated with it in India.
METHODS
This is a secondary analysis of data collected in the Fifth Indian National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). The primary outcome was lifetime experience of physical violence during pregnancy perpetrated by a former and/or current partner. The relationship between this outcome and sociodemographic, relationship, societal and gender-based factors characteristics were examined. Data were analysed using multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS
Among 60,579 women who had ever been married or in a union and ever been pregnant, the lifetime prevalence of physical IPV during pregnancy was 2.4%. Experience of physical violence during pregnancy was significantly more common among women experiencing diverse social and economic disadvantages such as low household wealth, being a member of a scheduled caste, or a religious minority. Women whose partners had lower educational status or who drank alcohol had higher odds of experiencing IPV during pregnancy. It was less common among women who were more empowered including having more decision-making autonomy.
CONCLUSION
Despite low prevalence, the absolute numbers of women experiencing physical IPV during pregnancy in India are alarmingly high. There is an urgent need to screen and provide early interventions for IPV during pregnancy in India. Further research is needed to identify the prevalence of other forms of intimate partner violence including sexual and emotional abuse, financial abuse and coercive control experienced by women who are pregnant in India.
背景
针对妇女的亲密伴侣暴力是一个公共卫生问题，也是对人权的侵犯。在印度等低收入和中等收入国家，妇女遭受暴力的比例高于高收入国家。孕期遭受亲密伴侣暴力与更糟糕的孕产妇、胎儿和儿童结局相关。关于印度孕期妇女遭受亲密伴侣暴力的负担及相关因素，基于人群的代表性数据相对有限。本研究旨在确定印度孕期身体亲密伴侣暴力的发生率及其相关因素。
方法
这是对第五次印度全国家庭健康调查（NFHS - 5）收集的数据进行的二次分析。主要结局是孕期曾遭受前任和/或现任伴侣身体暴力的终生经历。研究了这一结局与社会人口学、关系、社会和基于性别的因素特征之间的关系。数据采用多变量逻辑回归进行分析。
结果
在60579名曾经结婚或处于同居关系且曾经怀孕的妇女中，孕期身体亲密伴侣暴力的终生发生率为2.4%。孕期遭受身体暴力在经历各种社会和经济劣势的妇女中更为常见，比如家庭财富低、属于在册种姓成员或宗教少数群体。伴侣教育程度较低或饮酒的妇女孕期遭受亲密伴侣暴力的几率更高。在更有自主权的妇女中，这种情况不太常见，包括拥有更多决策自主权。
结论
尽管发生率较低，但印度孕期遭受身体亲密伴侣暴力的妇女人数绝对值高得惊人。印度迫切需要对孕期亲密伴侣暴力进行筛查并提供早期干预。还需要进一步研究，以确定印度孕期妇女遭受的其他形式亲密伴侣暴力的发生率，包括性虐待、情感虐待、经济虐待和强制控制。
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