Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1 RAs): A Pan-Steatotic Liver Disease Treatment?

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) are long-acting drugs that have gathered a lot of attention worldwide for their utility in the treatment landscape of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Their widespread global use has been accompanied by an additional observation related to a potential reduction in alcohol consumption. Preclinical studies in animal models, along with preliminary clinical findings, suggest that GLP-1 RAs may exert beneficial effects on alcohol use disorder (AUD). The latter represents a significant public health challenge, contributing to a broad spectrum of health, social, and economic burdens. Concurrently, the use of GLP-1 RAs in patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) has been associated with a clinically meaningful reduction in all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events, and progression to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). In this current opinion article, we firstly summarize the current literature dealing with the effect of GLP-1 RAs on AUD based on findings from experimental and human clinical studies. Additionally, beyond their role in MASLD, we explore in detail the potential impact of GLP-1 RAs on patients with alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and metabolic and alcohol-related/associated liver disease (MetALD). Finally, we highlight current challenges and unresolved issues, including concerns related to safety, accessibility, cost, and limitations in the clinical application of GLP-1 RAs.