Periprosthetic Joint Infection (PJI).

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication that can occur after joint arthroplasty, significantly affecting both the healthcare system and patients due to high costs and mortality rates. Managing PJI is complex and presents significant challenges in orthopedic surgery because there is no standardized definition for PJI and no universally accepted diagnostic gold standard. Despite various preventive measures taken before and during surgery, PJIs still occur. Many treatment options are available, but the best management is still highly debated, and the best treatment choice depends on several factors. Notably, all of these treatments are taken after the occurrence of PJI, while modern strategies, such as coating methods with various materials, must be relied upon to control and prevent the occurrence of PJI. This review focuses on the precise concept of PJIs, treatment options, and novel strategies to prevent PJIs.