Health disparities in neurology.

Health disparities are preventable differences in health between different populations, and they are endemic throughout medicine owing to social, economic and environmental disadvantages. Neurology is no exception, and health disparities for systematically marginalized groups are present in the prevention, diagnosis, treatment and outcomes of all neurological disorders. The aetiology of these disparities is complex and multifactorial, reflecting the interplay of structural, institutional and individual-level factors. Elimination of these disparities is essential to improve neurological health globally. This issue is particularly timely as the global burden of neurological disorders continues to rise, with widening social inequities and limited access to care exacerbating existing gaps in outcomes. In this Review, we examine the current landscape of neurological health disparities, explore their root causes, and highlight strategies and interventions that can advance equity in neurology.