人类的出现：智力、寿命与代际转移的共同进化。
The emergence of humans: the coevolution of intelligence and longevity with intergenerational transfers.
作者信息
Kaplan Hillard S, Robson Arthur J
机构信息
Department of Anthropology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
出版信息
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jul 23;99(15):10221-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.152502899. Epub 2002 Jul 16.
Two striking differences between humans and our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and gorillas, are the size of our brains (larger by a factor of three or four) and our life span (longer by a factor of about two). Our thesis is that these two distinctive features of humans are products of coevolutionary selection. The large human brain is an investment with initial costs and later rewards, which coevolved with increased energy allocations to survival. Not only does this theory help explain life history variation among primates and its extreme evolution in humans; it also provides new insight into the evolution of longevity in other biological systems. We introduce and apply a general formal demographic model for constrained growth and evolutionary tradeoffs in the presence of life-cycle transfers between age groups in a population.
人类与现存关系最近的亲属黑猩猩和大猩猩之间存在两个显著差异，即我们大脑的大小（大三到四倍）和寿命（长约两倍）。我们的论点是，人类的这两个独特特征是共同进化选择的产物。人类的大脑很大，这是一种有初始成本和后期回报的投资，它与为生存增加的能量分配共同进化。这一理论不仅有助于解释灵长类动物之间的生活史差异及其在人类中的极端进化；它还为其他生物系统中长寿的进化提供了新的见解。我们引入并应用了一个通用的形式化人口统计学模型，用于在种群年龄组之间存在生命周期转移的情况下进行受限增长和进化权衡分析。
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