RasGRP1 sensitizes an immature B cell line to antigen receptor-induced apoptosis.

RasGRP1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates Ras GTPases and is activated downstream of antigen receptors on both T and B lymphocytes. Ras-GRP1 provides signals to immature T cells that confer survival and proliferation, but RasGRP1 also promotes T cell receptor-mediated deletion of mature T cells. We used the WEHI-231 cell line as an experimental system to determine whether RasGRP1 can serve as a quantitative modifier of B cell receptor-induced deletion of immature B cells. A 2-fold elevation in RasGRP1 expression markedly increased apoptosis of WEHI-231 cells following B cell receptor ligation, whereas a dominant negative mutant of RasGRP1 suppressed B cell receptor-induced apoptosis. Activation of ERK1 or ERK2 kinases was not required for RasGRP1-mediated apoptosis. Instead, elevated RasGRP1 expression caused down-regulation of NF-kappaB and Bcl-x(L), which provide survival signals counter-acting apoptosis induction by B cell receptor. Inhibition of NF-kappaB was sufficient to enhance B cell receptor-induced apoptosis of WEHI-231 cells, and ligation of co-stimulatory receptors that activate NF-kappaB suppressed the ability of RasGRP1 to promote B cell receptor-induced apoptosis. These experiments define a novel apoptosis-promoting pathway leading from B cell receptor to the inhibition of NF-kappaB and demonstrate that differential expression of RasGRP1 has the potential to modulate the sensitivities of B cells to negative selection following antigen encounter.