美国陆军中的职业性和非职业性损伤：关注性别差异。

Tiesman Hope M, Peek-Asa Corinne L, Zwerling Craig S, Sprince Nancy L, Amoroso Paul J

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Safety Research, Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, USA.

Am J Prev Med. 2007 Dec;33(6):464-70. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.07.034.

BACKGROUND

The differences in occupational and non-occupational injuries between military men and women have not been documented. This study compares occupational and non-occupational injuries between male and female United States Army soldiers by examining injury hospitalization rates and characteristics.

METHODS

The U.S. Army's Total Army Injury and Health Outcomes Database was searched for hospitalizations with ICD-9-CM codes for injury (800-959.9) between 1992 and 2002. Injury rates were calculated using yearly U.S. Army population data and compared using rate ratios. Injury characteristics were compared among categories of the Trauma Code (on duty; off duty; scheduled training, schemes, and exercises), stratified by gender.

RESULTS

Included in this analysis were 792 women for an injury hospitalization rate of 11.0 per 1000 individuals (95% confidence interval [CI]=8.5-13.5) and 4879 men for a rate of 15.5 per 1000 individuals (95% CI=14.0-16.9). While women had significantly more injuries during scheduled training, schemes, and exercises than men (p<0.0001), there were few differences in the cause of those injuries. Women had longer average hospital stays compared to men due to these injuries (9.3 days vs 7.4 days, p=0.002), although these injuries were not more severe (average Injury Severity Score=3.5 for men vs average ISS for women=3.5, p=0.79). There was no difference between the genders in the percent of injuries that occurred off duty; however, men were more likely to get injured due to sports and athletics (p=0.001) and due to fighting (p=0.017) while off duty compared to women.

CONCLUSIONS

Injury prevention messages for military personnel should focus on reducing risk factors for both on- and off-duty injuries.

背景

军人中男性和女性在职业性损伤与非职业性损伤方面的差异尚无文献记载。本研究通过检查损伤住院率和特征，比较了美国陆军男女士兵的职业性损伤与非职业性损伤。

方法

在1992年至2002年期间，在美国陆军全军损伤与健康结果数据库中搜索使用国际疾病分类第九版临床修正本（ICD - 9 - CM）损伤编码（800 - 959.9）的住院病例。损伤率使用美国陆军年度人口数据计算，并使用率比进行比较。损伤特征在创伤编码类别（执勤；非执勤；预定训练、演习和操练）之间进行比较，并按性别分层。

结果

本分析纳入了792名女性，损伤住院率为每1000人中有11.0例（95%置信区间[CI]=8.5 - 13.5），4879名男性，损伤率为每1000人中有15.5例（95% CI=14.0 - 16.9）。虽然女性在预定训练、演习和操练期间的损伤明显多于男性（p<0.0001），但这些损伤的原因差异不大。由于这些损伤，女性的平均住院时间比男性长（9.3天对7.4天，p = 0.002），尽管这些损伤并不更严重（男性平均损伤严重程度评分为3.5，女性平均损伤严重程度评分为3.5，p = 0.79）。非执勤期间发生损伤的百分比在性别之间没有差异；然而，与女性相比，男性在非执勤时因运动和竞技（p = 0.001）以及打架（p = 0.017）而受伤的可能性更大。