化学防治与生物防治对草莓灰霉病病原菌灰葡萄孢菌的效果评估。

Evaluation of the effects of chemical versus biological control on Botrytis cinerea agent of gray mould disease of strawberry.

作者信息

Alizadeh H R, Sharifi-Tehrani A, Hedjaroude Gh A

机构信息

College of Agriculture, Sahid-Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran.

出版信息

Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci. 2007;72(4):795-800.

PMID:18396812

Abstract

This study investigates on effects of four fungicide and six isolate from Trichoderma and Gliocladium on Botrytis cinerea agent grey mold of strawberry under library and greenhouse condition. The effect of four fungicides i.e. benomyl, dichlofluanid, captan and triadimenol on B. cinerea was studied in the laboratory condition by method mixed poison to culture medium. It was shown that the fungicide including benomyl, triadimenol, dichlofluanid and captan were able to inhibit mycelial growth of B. cinerea on PDA plate with EC50 of 0.16, 1.42, 3.40 and 7.73 ppm respectively. These fungicides delayed myceliogenic germination of sclerotia at 1000 ppm, while exhibiting no fungicidal effect. Moreover, the antagonistic effects of six fungi including Trichoderma koningii (T21), T. viride (T4), T. harzionum (T5), T. viride (T2), G. virens (G2), G. virens (G8) on B. cinerea were assessed. This assessment was done under library condition and its results as follows: The antagonistic mechanism occurred through branching at the end of B. cinerea hyphae, hyphal contact, coiling, vacuolization and lyses. Volatile metabolites of T. koningii (T21) and non-volatile metabolites of G. virens (G2 and G8) and T. koningii (T21) caused maximum inhibition of the fungal growth. Trichoderma spp and G. virens were able to colonize and sporulate on sclerotia and caused their lysis within 7-21 days. In greenhouse, a completely randomized design with 11 treatments (4 chemical and 6 biological and one untreated control) each replicated five times were used for the comparison. Greenhouse studies revealed that application of fungicides i.e. captan, dichlofluanid, triadimenol and benomyl reduces disease severity by 42, 45, 48 and 52% respectively. The fungal antagonists reduce the grey mold disease severity between 5-42%. All treatments caused a decline in post harvest disease, as the most effective treatment of chemical control was benomyl with 68.33% and for the biological treatment this was T. koningii (T21) with 56%.

摘要

本研究调查了四种杀菌剂以及木霉属和粘帚霉属的六个分离菌株在实验室和温室条件下对草莓灰霉病菌（灰葡萄孢菌）的影响。通过在培养基中混合药剂的方法，在实验室条件下研究了四种杀菌剂，即苯菌灵、百菌清、克菌丹和三唑醇对灰葡萄孢菌的影响。结果表明，苯菌灵、三唑醇、百菌清和克菌丹这几种杀菌剂能够抑制灰葡萄孢菌在PDA平板上的菌丝生长，其EC50分别为0.16、1.42、3.40和7.73 ppm。这些杀菌剂在1000 ppm时可延迟菌核的菌丝形成萌发，但未表现出杀菌效果。此外，评估了六种真菌，即康宁木霉（T21）、绿色木霉（T4）、哈茨木霉（T5）、绿色木霉（T2）、绿色粘帚霉（G2）、绿色粘帚霉（G8）对灰葡萄孢菌的拮抗作用。该评估在实验室条件下进行，结果如下：拮抗机制通过灰葡萄孢菌菌丝末端分支、菌丝接触、缠绕、液泡化和溶解发生。康宁木霉（T21）的挥发性代谢产物以及绿色粘帚霉（G2和G8）和康宁木霉（T21）的非挥发性代谢产物对真菌生长的抑制作用最大。木霉属和绿色粘帚霉能够在菌核上定殖并形成孢子，并在7至21天内使其溶解。在温室中，采用完全随机设计，有11种处理（4种化学药剂、6种生物药剂和1个未处理对照），每种处理重复5次进行比较。温室研究表明，施用克菌丹、百菌清、三唑醇和苯菌灵分别使病害严重程度降低42%、45%、48%和52%。真菌拮抗剂使灰霉病严重程度降低5%至42%。所有处理均导致采后病害减少，化学防治中最有效的处理是苯菌灵，防治率为68.33%，生物防治中最有效的是康宁木霉（T21），防治率为56%。