利用天然除虫菊素（spinosad）防治豇豆仓储害虫豆象（鞘翅目：豆象科）的效果。

Effectiveness of spinosad (naturalytes) in controlling the cowpea storage pest, Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae).

机构信息

Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Entomology, University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.

出版信息

J Econ Entomol. 2010 Feb;103(1):203-10. doi: 10.1603/ec09093.

PMID:20214388

Abstract

The biopesticide Spinosad controls many insect pests of stored-food products. Laboratory and field trials were carried out to determine the efficacy of this pesticide against the cowpea weevil, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), the main storage pest of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata, Walp, in West Africa. In the laboratory, Spinosad caused high mortality of adult C. maculatus and decreased the number of eggs laid by females. Spinosad, however, was less toxic in the 24 h treatment to C. maculatus than deltamethrin, an insecticide commonly used in Burkina Faso to control this insect. In "on-farm" experiments, Spinosad was effective in controlling C. maculatus. After 6 mo of storage, the number of insects emerging from cowpeas seeds was reduced by >80% by coating seeds with Spinosad but only by 43% by coating with deltamethrin. Less than 20% of the seeds were perforated in the Spinosad treatment compared with 29% for deltamethrin. Spinosad controlled C. maculatus throughout the 6 mo of cowpea storage whereas deltamethrin failed to control C. maculatus after 3 mo of storage. Spinosad has the potential to be more effective in controlling C. maculatus than deltamethrin.

摘要

生物农药 Spinosad 可防治许多仓储害虫。本研究在实验室和田间条件下，对这种杀虫剂防治西非主要仓储害虫豇豆象（Callosobruchus maculatus (F.)，鞘翅目：豆象科）的效果进行了测试。该害虫主要取食豇豆，学名 Vigna unguiculata，Walp。在实验室中，Spinosad 对豇豆象成虫具有高致死率，且能降低雌虫产卵量。然而，Spinosad 对豇豆象的 24 小时毒性比在布基纳法索常用于防治该虫的杀虫剂溴氰菊酯低。在“田间”实验中，Spinosad 对豇豆象具有防治效果。在储存 6 个月后，用 Spinosad 对豇豆种子进行包衣处理，能使豆象从种子中孵化的数量减少 80%以上，而用溴氰菊酯包衣处理的则减少 43%。用 Spinosad 处理的种子穿孔率不到 20%，而用溴氰菊酯处理的则为 29%。Spinosad 能在豇豆储存的 6 个月内持续控制豇豆象，而溴氰菊酯在储存 3 个月后就无法控制豇豆象。因此，Spinosad 控制豇豆象的效果可能优于溴氰菊酯。