Growth hormone receptors in zebrafish (Danio rerio): adult and embryonic expression patterns.

Growth hormone receptor (GHR) is a critical regulator of growth and metabolism. Although two GHRs have been characterized in many fish species, their functional characteristics, mechanisms of regulation and roles in embryonic development remain unclear. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is an excellent model organism to study both developmental and physiological processes. In the present work, we characterized the complete cDNA sequences of zebrafish GHRs, ghra and ghrb, and their gene structures. We studied the expression of both receptors in adult tissues, and during embryonic development and larval stages by means of RT-PCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization. We determined that both transcripts are maternal ones, with specific expression patterns during development. Both GHR transcripts are mainly expressed in the notochord, myotomes, anterior structures and in the yolk cell. Interestingly, their expression became undetectable at 96h post-fertilization. Unlike other reports in fish, ghrs expression could not be detected in brain when adult tissues were used, and we detected ghrb but not ghra transcripts in muscle. In addition, we determined alternative transcript sequences for ghra with specific domain deletions, and alternative transcripts for ghrb that generate a premature stop codon and codify for truncated isoforms. These isoforms lack intracellular regions necessary for the activation of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) family transcription factors 5.