着丝粒：驱动染色体分离的独特染色质结构。
Centromeres: unique chromatin structures that drive chromosome segregation.
机构信息
Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA.
出版信息
Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2011 May;12(5):320-32. doi: 10.1038/nrm3107.
Abstract
Fidelity during chromosome segregation is essential to prevent aneuploidy. The proteins and chromatin at the centromere form a unique site for kinetochore attachment and allow the cell to sense and correct errors during chromosome segregation. Centromeric chromatin is characterized by distinct chromatin organization, epigenetics, centromere-associated proteins and histone variants. These include the histone H3 variant centromeric protein A (CENPA), the composition and deposition of which have been widely investigated. Studies have examined the structural and biophysical properties of the centromere and have suggested that the centromere is not simply a 'landing pad' for kinetochore formation, but has an essential role in mitosis by assembling and directing the organization of the kinetochore.
摘要
染色体分离过程中的保真度对于防止非整倍体至关重要。着丝粒处的蛋白质和染色质形成了独特的动粒附着位点，使细胞能够在染色体分离过程中感知和纠正错误。着丝粒染色质的特征在于独特的染色质组织、表观遗传学、着丝粒相关蛋白和组蛋白变体。其中包括组蛋白 H3 变体着丝粒蛋白 A（CENPA），其组成和沉积已被广泛研究。研究已经检查了着丝粒的结构和生物物理特性，并提出着丝粒不仅仅是动粒形成的“着陆垫”，而是通过组装和指导动粒的组织在有丝分裂中具有重要作用。
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