韩国的感知歧视与自评健康：一项全国代表性调查。
Perceived discrimination and self-rated health in South Korea: a nationally representative survey.
机构信息
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, The George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services, Washington, DC, United States of America.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e30501. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0030501. Epub 2012 Jan 17.
BACKGROUND
There is mounting evidence that discriminatory experiences can harm health. However, previous research has mainly focused on the health effects of racial discrimination in U.S. or European countries although there is pervasive discrimination by gender, age, education and other factors in Asian countries.
METHODS
We analyzed the data from the 7th wave of Korean Labor and Income Panel Study to investigate the association between perceived discriminatory experience and poor self-rated health in South Korea. Perceived discriminatory experiences were measured in eight situations through a modified Experience of Discrimination questionnaire. In each of eight situations, the lifetime prevalence of perceived discriminatory experience was compared between men and women and the main causes of those experiences were identified separately by gender. After adjusting for potential confounders, we examined the association between perceived discriminatory experience and poor self-rated health in each of eight social situations and also checked the association using the number of situations of perceived discriminatory experiences.
RESULTS
For both men and women, education level and age were the main sources of work-related perceived discriminatory experiences. Gender was one of the main causes among women across eight situations and more than 90% of women reported their gender as a main cause of discriminatory experience in getting higher education and at home. Discriminatory experiences in four situations were positively associated with poor self-rated health. The odds ratio for poor self-rated health for those exposed to one, two, three or four or more social situations of perceived discrimination were respectively 1.06 (95% CI : 0.87-1.29), 1.15 (95% CI : 0.96-1.55), 1.59 (95% CI : 1.19-2.14), and 1.78 (95% CI :1.26-2.51).
CONCLUSION
There is consistent association between perceived discriminatory experience and poor self-rated health across eight social situations in South Korea.
背景
越来越多的证据表明，歧视经历会对健康造成危害。然而，以前的研究主要集中在美国或欧洲国家的种族歧视对健康的影响，尽管在亚洲国家，性别、年龄、教育等因素普遍存在歧视。
方法
我们分析了韩国劳动力和收入面板研究第 7 波的数据，以调查韩国感知歧视经历与自评健康状况不佳之间的关系。通过修改后的歧视经历问卷，在八种情况下测量感知歧视经历。在八种情况下的每一种中，比较了男性和女性之间感知歧视经历的终生患病率，并分别按性别确定这些经历的主要原因。在调整了潜在混杂因素后，我们在八种社会情况下的每一种中检查了感知歧视经历与自评健康状况不佳之间的关系，并使用感知歧视经历的情况数检查了这种关联。
结果
对于男性和女性，教育水平和年龄是工作相关感知歧视经历的主要来源。性别是女性在八种情况下的主要原因之一，超过 90%的女性报告性别是其在接受高等教育和在家中受到歧视的主要原因。四种情况下的歧视经历与自评健康状况不佳呈正相关。在经历一种、两种、三种或四种或更多社会感知歧视的情况下，自评健康状况不佳的比值比分别为 1.06（95%CI：0.87-1.29）、1.15（95%CI：0.96-1.55）、1.59（95%CI：1.19-2.14）和 1.78（95%CI：1.26-2.51）。
结论
在韩国的八种社会情况下，感知歧视经历与自评健康状况不佳之间存在一致的关联。
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