新型甲型冠状病毒（蝙蝠冠状病毒 HKU10）最近在 Leschenault 的 Rousette 果蝠与 Pomona 叶鼻蝠之间传播：首次证明不同亚目的蝙蝠之间存在冠状病毒的种间传播。
Recent transmission of a novel alphacoronavirus, bat coronavirus HKU10, from Leschenault's rousettes to pomona leaf-nosed bats: first evidence of interspecies transmission of coronavirus between bats of different suborders.
机构信息
State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
出版信息
J Virol. 2012 Nov;86(21):11906-18. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01305-12. Epub 2012 Aug 29.
Although coronaviruses are known to infect various animals by adapting to new hosts, interspecies transmission events are still poorly understood. During a surveillance study from 2005 to 2010, a novel alphacoronavirus, BatCoV HKU10, was detected in two very different bat species, Ro-BatCoV HKU10 in Leschenault's rousettes (Rousettus leschenaulti) (fruit bats in the suborder Megachiroptera) in Guangdong and Hi-BatCoV HKU10 in Pomona leaf-nosed bats (Hipposideros pomona) (insectivorous bats in the suborder Microchiroptera) in Hong Kong. Although infected bats appeared to be healthy, Pomona leaf-nosed bats carrying Hi-BatCoV HKU10 had lower body weights than uninfected bats. To investigate possible interspecies transmission between the two bat species, the complete genomes of two Ro-BatCoV HKU10 and six Hi-BatCoV HKU10 strains were sequenced. Genome and phylogenetic analyses showed that Ro-BatCoV HKU10 and Hi-BatCoV HKU10 represented a novel alphacoronavirus species, sharing highly similar genomes except in the genes encoding spike proteins, which had only 60.5% amino acid identities. Evolution of the spike protein was also rapid in Hi-BatCoV HKU10 strains from 2005 to 2006 but stabilized thereafter. Molecular-clock analysis dated the most recent common ancestor of all BatCoV HKU10 strains to 1959 (highest posterior density regions at 95% [HPDs], 1886 to 2002) and that of Hi-BatCoV HKU10 to 1986 (HPDs, 1956 to 2004). The data suggested recent interspecies transmission from Leschenault's rousettes to Pomona leaf-nosed bats in southern China. Notably, the rapid adaptive genetic change in BatCoV HKU10 spike protein by ~40% amino acid divergence after recent interspecies transmission was even greater than the ~20% amino acid divergence between spike proteins of severe acute respiratory syndrome-related Rhinolophus bat coronavirus (SARSr-CoV) in bats and civets. This study provided the first evidence for interspecies transmission of coronavirus between bats of different suborders.
虽然冠状病毒已知通过适应新宿主而感染各种动物，但种间传播事件仍知之甚少。在 2005 年至 2010 年的一项监测研究中，在两种非常不同的蝙蝠物种中检测到一种新型甲型冠状病毒，广东罗氏果蝠中的 Ro-BatCoV HKU10（果蝠，属于大蝙蝠亚目）和香港波拿马叶鼻蝠中的 Hi-BatCoV HKU10（食虫蝙蝠，属于小蝙蝠亚目）。尽管受感染的蝙蝠似乎健康，但携带 Hi-BatCoV HKU10 的波拿马叶鼻蝠体重比未感染的蝙蝠轻。为了研究这两种蝙蝠之间可能存在的种间传播，对两种 Ro-BatCoV HKU10 和六种 Hi-BatCoV HKU10 株的完整基因组进行了测序。基因组和系统发育分析表明，Ro-BatCoV HKU10 和 Hi-BatCoV HKU10 代表一种新型甲型冠状病毒，除了编码刺突蛋白的基因外，它们具有高度相似的基因组，而刺突蛋白的氨基酸同一性仅为 60.5%。Hi-BatCoV HKU10 株的刺突蛋白进化也很快，但从 2005 年到 2006 年之后稳定下来。分子钟分析将所有 BatCoV HKU10 株的最近共同祖先追溯到 1959 年（95%最高后验密度区域[HPD]，1886 年至 2002 年），Hi-BatCoV HKU10 的最近共同祖先追溯到 1986 年（HPD，1956 年至 2004 年）。数据表明，最近在中国南方的罗氏果蝠向波拿马叶鼻蝠发生了种间传播。值得注意的是，在最近的种间传播后，BatCoV HKU10 刺突蛋白的快速适应性遗传变化比 SARSr-CoV 蝙蝠和果子狸之间刺突蛋白的约 20%氨基酸差异更大，SARSr-CoV 是一种与严重急性呼吸系统综合征相关的菊头蝠冠状病毒。本研究首次提供了不同亚目蝙蝠之间冠状病毒种间传播的证据。
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